有人可以通过异常处理指出正确的方式来执行此程序吗?这是一个堆栈程序。
1)#include<iostream>
2)#include<stdlib.h>
3)#include<string.h>
4)using namespace std;
5)
6)template<class T>
7)class Stack {
8)private:
9) int max;
10) int top;
12) T* items;
13)public:
14) Stack(int size) {
15) max = size;
16) top = -1;
17) items = new T[max];
18) }
19) ~Stack(){delete [] items;}
20)
21) void push(T data) throws Exception{
22) if(full()) {
23) throw new StackException("Out of space!");
24) }
25) items[++top] = data;
26) }
27) T pop(){
28) if(empty()) throws Exception {
29) throw new StackException("No more elements to delete");
30) }
31) return items[top--];
32) }
33)
34) bool full() { return top == max-1; }
35) bool empty() { return top == -1; }
36)};
37)
38)int main() {
39) try{
40) Stack<int> s(10);
41) s.push(1);
42) s.push(2);
43) cout<<s.pop()<<endl;
44) }
45) catch(StackException e){
46) cout<<e.what()<<endl;
47) }
48) return 0;
49)}
编辑:我收到以下错误。我是C ++异常处理的新手,想知道我做得对吗 -
3stacks.cpp:20:18: error: expected ‘;’ at end of member declaration
3stacks.cpp:20:20: error: ‘throws’ does not name a type
3stacks.cpp:26:8: error: expected ‘;’ at end of member declaration
3stacks.cpp:26:10: error: ‘throws’ does not name a type
3stacks.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
3stacks.cpp:44:8: error: expected type-specifier before ‘StackException’
3stacks.cpp:44:23: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘e’
3stacks.cpp:44:23: error: expected ‘{’ before ‘e’
3stacks.cpp:44:23: error: ‘e’ was not declared in this scope
3stacks.cpp:44:24: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘)’ token
答案 0 :(得分:1)
您尚未在程序中的任何位置定义StackException
。你必须自己创建它。同样从函数签名中删除throws Exception
,因为您从未定义过该类型(并且它被称为throw Exception
)。
此外,没有必要说明签名中可能存在哪些异常,但最好声明函数永远不会抛出(在C ++ 11中使用noexcept
)。说明文档中可能的例外情况。此外,您错过了可能的bad_alloc
。
总而言之,删除所有代码并使用std::stack
中的<stack>
并删除这些C库。但是,这是一个如何做到的例子:
template<class T>
class Stack {
private:
int max;
int top;
T * items;
public:
struct out_of_space{};
struct empty_stack{};
Stack(int size) {
if(size)
max = size;
top = -1;
items = new T[max];
}
~Stack(){delete[] items;}
void push(const T & data){
if(full()) {
throw out_of_space();
}
items[++top] = data;
}
T pop(){
if(empty()){
throw empty_stack();
}
return items[top--];
}
bool full() const { return top == max-1; }
bool empty() const { return top == -1; }
};
int main() {
try{
Stack<int> s(10);
s.push(1);
s.push(2);
cout<<s.pop()<<endl;
} catch(const Stack<int>::out_of_space& e){
cout<< "stack out of space" <<endl;
} catch(const Stack<int>::empty_stack & e){
cout<< "stack is empty" <<endl;
}
return 0;
}
要实际使用e.what()
,您必须自己实施。或者你可以继承std::exception
,重载它并抓住const std::exception&
。