是否有像linux try catch一样的linux bash命令? 或者linux shell总是继续?
try {
`executeCommandWhichCanFail`
mv output
} catch {
mv log
} finally {
rm tmp
}
答案 0 :(得分:84)
嗯,有点:
{ # your 'try' block
executeCommandWhichCanFail &&
mv output
} || { # your 'catch' block
mv log
}
rm tmp # finally: this will always happen
答案 1 :(得分:76)
根据您的示例,无论脚本如何退出,您似乎都在尝试执行类似于始终删除临时文件的操作。在Bash中执行此操作时,请尝试trap
内置命令来捕获EXIT
信号。
#!/bin/bash
trap 'rm tmp' EXIT
if executeCommandWhichCanFail; then
mv output
else
mv log
exit 1 #Exit with failure
fi
exit 0 #Exit with success
脚本退出时始终执行rm tmp
中的trap
语句,因此将始终尝试删除文件“tmp”。
已安装的陷阱也可以重置;只调用信号名称调用陷阱将重置信号处理程序。
trap EXIT
有关详细信息,请参阅bash手册页:man bash
答案 2 :(得分:1)
mv
有两个参数,所以你可能真的想要输出文件的内容:
echo `{ execCommand && cat output ; } || cat log`
rm -f tmp
答案 3 :(得分:1)
我使用以下语法在脚本中找到了成功:
# Try, catch, finally
(echo "try this") && (echo "and this") || echo "this is the catch statement!"
# this is the 'finally' statement
echo "finally this"
如果任何一个try语句引发错误或以exit 1
结尾,那么解释器将继续执行catch语句,然后执行finally语句。
如果两个try语句都成功(和/或以exit
结尾),则解释器将跳过catch语句,然后运行finally语句。
示例_1:
goodFunction1(){
# this function works great
echo "success1"
}
goodFunction2(){
# this function works great
echo "success2"
exit
}
(goodFunction1) && (goodFunction2) || echo "Oops, that didn't work!"
echo "Now this happens!"
输出_1
success1
success2
Now this happens!
示例_2
functionThrowsErr(){
# this function returns an error
ech "halp meh"
}
goodFunction2(){
# this function works great
echo "success2"
exit
}
(functionThrowsErr) && (goodFunction2) || echo "Oops, that didn't work!"
echo "Now this happens!"
Output_2
main.sh: line 3: ech: command not found
Oops, that didn't work!
Now this happens!
Example_3
functionThrowsErr(){
# this function returns an error
echo "halp meh"
exit 1
}
goodFunction2(){
# this function works great
echo "success2"
}
(functionThrowsErr) && (goodFunction2) || echo "Oops, that didn't work!"
echo "Now this happens!"
Output_3
halp meh
Oops, that didn't work!
Now this happens!
请注意,功能的顺序将影响输出。如果您需要分别尝试和捕获这两个语句,请使用两个try catch语句。
(functionThrowsErr) || echo "Oops, functionThrowsErr didn't work!"
(goodFunction2) || echo "Oops, good function is bad"
echo "Now this happens!"
输出
halp meh
Oops, functionThrowsErr didn't work!
success2
Now this happens!
答案 4 :(得分:0)
另一种方法是:
set -e; # stop on errors
mkdir -p "$HOME/tmp/whatevs"
exit_code=0
(
set +e;
(
set -e;
echo 'foo'
echo 'bar'
echo 'biz'
)
exit_code="$?"
)
rm -rf "$HOME/tmp/whatevs"
if [[ "exit_code" != '0' ]]; then
echo 'failed';
fi
尽管以上内容并未真正带来任何好处:
set -e; # stop on errors
mkdir -p "$HOME/tmp/whatevs"
exit_code=0
(
set -e;
echo 'foo'
echo 'bar'
echo 'biz'
exit 44;
exit 43;
) || {
exit_code="$?" # exit code of last command which is 44
}
rm -rf "$HOME/tmp/whatevs"
if [[ "exit_code" != '0' ]]; then
echo 'failed';
fi
答案 5 :(得分:0)
当我添加其他选项或以其他方式更改它们时,bash脚本通常会变得很大。当bash脚本包含很多功能时,使用'trap EXIT'可能会变得很简单。
例如,考虑一个脚本调用为
dotask TASK [ARG ...]
每个TASK
可能由子步骤组成,希望在这两个子步骤之间执行清理。
在这种情况下,使用子外壳来产生作用域退出陷阱(例如)很有帮助。
function subTask (
local tempFile=$(mktemp)
trap "rm '${tempFile}'" exit
...
)
但是,使用子外壳可能很棘手,因为它们无法设置父外壳的全局变量。
此外,编写单个出口陷阱通常很不方便。例如,清理步骤可能取决于函数在遇到错误之前走了多远。能够进行RAII样式的清理声明会很不错:
function subTask (
...
onExit 'rm tmp.1'
...
onExit 'rm tmp.2'
...
)
使用类似的东西似乎很明显
handlers=""
function onExit { handlers+="$1;"; trap "$handlers" exit; }
更新陷阱。但这对于嵌套子shell失败,因为这会导致父shell的处理程序过早执行。客户端代码必须在子shell的开头显式重置handlers
变量。
在[multiple bash traps for the same signal]中讨论的通过使用trap -p EXIT
的输出修补陷阱的解决方案同样会失败:即使子外壳程序不继承EXIT
陷阱,trap -p exit
将显示父外壳的处理程序,因此再次需要手动重置。