编译期间未识别的引用错误

时间:2013-03-21 18:42:09

标签: c++ compilation compiler-errors

我正在编写一个实现双向链表的程序。我的问题是,当我编译时,通过发出命令

g++ -g -Wall DynamicSequenceVector.cpp DynamicSequenceVector.h main.cpp 

我收到以下控制台输出

/tmp/cc6P5VZK.o: In function `main':
main.cpp:(.text+0x1a): undefined reference to `DynamicNode::DynamicSequenceVector<int>::DynamicSequenceVector(int)'
main.cpp:(.text+0x3a): undefined reference to `DynamicNode::DynamicSequenceVector<int>::~DynamicSequenceVector()'
main.cpp:(.text+0x4f): undefined reference to `DynamicNode::DynamicSequenceVector<int>::~DynamicSequenceVector()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

我感觉这是我在main.cpp中导入文件的问题,因为如果我将main函数移动到DyanmicSequenceVector.cpp文件中,它编译完全正常。另外,在构造带参数的新对象时,我只收到这些编译错误。

DynamicSequenceVector.h

#ifndef __DYNAMIC_VECTOR
#define __DYNAMIC_VECTOR

namespace DynamicNode {

template <class Type>
class DynamicSequenceVector {
    private:
        struct dynamicNode {
            dynamicNode *previousLink;
            dynamicNode *nextLink;
            Type data;
            int position;
        };

        int nodeCount;
        int currentPosition;
        dynamicNode *headNode;
        dynamicNode *tailNode;
        dynamicNode *currentNode;
        dynamicNode *tempNode;

    public:
        DynamicSequenceVector();
        DynamicSequenceVector(Type data);
        ~DynamicSequenceVector();
        void appendNode(Type nodeData);
        void accessData(int startingPosition, int endingPosition);
};

}
#endif

DynamicSequenceVector.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "DynamicSequenceVector.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace DynamicNode;

template <typename Type>
DynamicSequenceVector<Type>::DynamicSequenceVector() {
    nodeCount       = 0;
    currentPosition = NULL;
    headNode        = NULL;
    tailNode        = NULL;
    currentNode     = NULL;
}

template <typename Type>
DynamicSequenceVector<Type>::DynamicSequenceVector(Type nodeData) {
    nodeCount              = 1;
    currentPosition        = 0;
    headNode               = new dynamicNode;
    headNode->previousLink = NULL;
    headNode->nextLink     = NULL;
    headNode->data         = nodeData;
    headNode->position     = 0;
    currentNode            = 
}

template <typename Type>
DynamicSequenceVector<Type>::~DynamicSequenceVector() {
    while(nodeCount != 0) {
        tempNode = tailNode->previousLink;
        delete tailNode;
        tailNode = tempNode;
    }
    return;
}

template <typename Type>
void DynamicSequenceVector<Type>::appendNode(Type nodeData) {
    if (currentPosition == 0) {
        headNode               = new dynamicNode;
        headNode->data         = nodeData;
        headNode->position     = 0;
        headNode->previousLink = NULL;
        headNode->nextLink     = NULL;
    } else {
        tempNode               = new dynamicNode;
        tempNode->data         = nodeData;
        tempNode->previousLink = tailNode;
        tempNode->position     = nodeCount + 1;
        tailNode->nextLink     = tempNode;
        tailNode               = tempNode;
    }

    nodeCount++;
}

template <typename Type>
void DynamicSequenceVector<Type>::accessData(int startingPosition, 
        int endingPosition) {
    cout << "Data accessed";
    return 0;
}

的main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "DynamicSequenceVector.h"

//using namespace std;
using namespace DynamicNode;

int main() {
    DynamicSequenceVector<int> test();
    DynamicSequenceVector<int> testingVector(5); // gives an error
    //test = new DynamicSequenceVector<char>::DynamicSequenceVector();

    std::cout << "Hello world!\n";
}

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

模板成员的实现必须位于标题中,而不是单独的.cpp文件中。

编译main.cpp时,编译器需要实现可见才能实例化DynamicSequenceVector<int>,而这些实现不可用。因此,编译器假定模板实例化在另一个编译单元中可用,但事实并非如此,这就是链接器失败的原因。

(DynamicSequenceVector.cpp文件在这里甚至没有做任何有用的事情 - 未实例化的模板成员实际上从未在目标文件中写出,因为这没有任何意义。将内容移动到头文件中然后删除.cpp文件是解决此问题的正确方法。)


或者,您可以将其添加到DynamicSequenceVector.cpp的底部:

template class DynamicSequenceVector<int>;

这将指示编译器实例化此版本的模板类,并使其在该编译单元中可用并从该编译单元导出。然后当链接器去解析main的编译单元中的符号时,它将能够找到它们。

但是,这意味着您需要维护此模板类的每个实例的集中列表。这是很多工作,通常被认为是一个坏主意。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

你不能在cpp中使用模板化代码实现,因为main只知道h文件..你应该将模板化实现移动到h文件