使用otool（递归）查找应用程序所需的共享库

时间：2009-10-04 22:49:36

标签： cocoa frameworks shared-libraries otool

我有一个Cocoa应用程序，它使用otool来查找应用程序需要正常运行所需的共享库。例如，假设我在使用QTKit.framework的应用程序上运行otool -L。我得到了程序使用的共享库列表（包括Cocoa.framework和AppKit.framework等基本框架）：

/System/Library/Frameworks/QTKit.framework/Versions/A/QTKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation (compatibility version 150.0.0, current version 476.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/Versions/C/AppKit (compatibility version 45.0.0, current version 949.0.0)

..... and so on for a bunch of other frameworks

这表明该应用使用了QTKit.framework。但是，如果我在QTKit.framework（/System/Library/Frameworks/QTKit.framework/Versions/A/QTKit）的二进制文件上再次使用“otool -L”，我会得到：

/System/Library/Frameworks/QTKit.framework/Versions/A/QTKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/Versions/A/AudioToolbox (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CoreMedia.framework/Versions/A/CoreMedia (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/MediaToolbox.framework/Versions/A/MediaToolbox (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/VideoToolbox.framework/Versions/A/VideoToolbox (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CoreMediaIOServices.framework/Versions/A/CoreMediaIOServices (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Versions/C/Foundation (compatibility version 300.0.0, current version 751.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/Versions/C/AppKit (compatibility version 45.0.0, current version 1038.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/Versions/A/IOKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 275.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/QuickTime.framework/Versions/A/QuickTime (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1584.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreAudio.framework/Versions/A/CoreAudio (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/Versions/A/QuartzCore (compatibility version 1.2.0, current version 1.6.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/IOSurface.framework/Versions/A/IOSurface (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/Versions/A/HIToolbox (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 435.0.0)
/usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 7.9.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 123.0.0)
/usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 227.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/CoreServices (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 44.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation (compatibility version 150.0.0, current version 550.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/ApplicationServices (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 38.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreVideo.framework/Versions/A/CoreVideo (compatibility version 1.2.0, current version 1.6.0)

这表明加载了更多框架，这些框架是应用程序二进制文件上的原始otool输出显示的。 有没有办法让otool以递归方式运行，这意味着它抓住应用程序需要的框架，然后进入并搜索每个框架中的依赖项？

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：9)

不，您必须重复运行otool，或者合并其解析代码（here）。不要忘记处理@executable_path。

这是Python（没有@executable_path，规范化或支持空格的文件名），因为这比尝试调试伪代码更容易：

import subprocess

def otool(s):
    o = subprocess.Popen(['/usr/bin/otool', '-L', s], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    for l in o.stdout:
        if l[0] == '\t':
            yield l.split(' ', 1)[0][1:]

need = set(['/Applications/iTunes.app/Contents/MacOS/iTunes'])
done = set()

while need:
    needed = set(need)
    need = set()
    for f in needed:
        need.update(otool(f))
    done.update(needed)
    need.difference_update(done)

for f in sorted(done):
    print f

答案 1 :(得分：1)

这是我的解决方案，用于在使用Homebrew安装的库时修复macdeployqt的输出。我发现macdeployqt很好地将dylib放在Framework文件夹中，但是无法修复路径。

https://github.com/jveitchmichaelis/deeplabel/blob/master/fix_paths_mac.py

我修改了Nicholas的脚本，使其更加实用-它可以更正@executable_path，@rpath和@loader_path。这不完全是生产代码，但是它使我可以在其他Mac上运行应用程序，而无需安装任何依赖项。

运行：python fix_paths_mac.py ./path/to/your.app/Contents/MacOS/your_exe。也就是说，将其指向应用程序包中的二进制文件，它将找出其余的二进制文件。

我假设大多数问题来自与/usr/local链接的内容。因此，如果代码检测到存在指向/usr/local中文件的依赖项，它将适当地修复路径。您可以更改pass语句以将其复制到文件中（如果该文件不在Frameworks文件夹中，但是我没有遇到缺少dylib的情况，它只是链接错误。

import subprocess
import os
import sys
from shutil import copyfile

executable = sys.argv[1]
app_folder = os.path.join(*executable.split('/')[:-3])
content_folder = os.path.join(app_folder, "Contents")
framework_path = os.path.join(content_folder, "Frameworks")

print(executable)
print("Working in {} ".format(app_folder))

def file_in_folder(file, folder):
    return os.path.exists(os.path.join(folder, file))

def otool(s):
    o = subprocess.Popen(['/usr/bin/otool', '-L', s], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

    for l in o.stdout:
        l = l.decode()

        if l[0] == '\t':
            path = l.split(' ', 1)[0][1:]

            if "@executable_path" in path:
                path = path.replace("@executable_path", "")
                # fudge here to strip /../ from the start of the path.
                path = os.path.join(content_folder, path[4:])

            if "@loader_path" in path:
                path = path.replace("@loader_path", framework_path)

            if "@rpath" in path:
                path = path.replace("@rpath", framework_path)

            dependency_dylib_name = os.path.split(path)[-1]

            if "usr/local" in path:
                if app_folder in s:

                    print("Warning: {} depends on {}".format(s, path))

                    if file_in_folder(dependency_dylib_name, framework_path):
                        print("Dependent library {} is already in framework folder".format(dependency_dylib_name))

                        print("Running install name tool to fix {}.".format(s))

                        if dependency_dylib_name == os.path.split(s)[-1]:
                            _ = subprocess.Popen(['install_name_tool', '-id', os.path.join("@loader_path", dependency_dylib_name), s], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

                        _ = subprocess.Popen(['install_name_tool', '-change', path, os.path.join("@loader_path", dependency_dylib_name), s], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
                else:
                    # Potentially you could copy in the offending dylib here.
                    pass

            yield path

need = set([executable])
done = set()

while need:
    needed = set(need)
    need = set()
    for f in needed:
        need.update(otool(f))
    done.update(needed)
    need.difference_update(done)

答案 2 :(得分：0)

我下面的虚拟脚本运行良好。没有过度设计，因为它只是一个简单的实用程序脚本，很少用于调试目的。

#!/usr/bin/env python

import subprocess
import re
import sys

discovered = []

def library_finder(lib):
    lib = lib.split(':')[0]
    lib = lib.split(' ')[0]
    lib = re.sub(r"[\n\t\s]*", "", lib)

    if lib in discovered:
        return

    discovered.append(lib)

    print(lib)

    if lib.startswith("@rpath"):
      return

    process = subprocess.Popen(['otool', '-L', lib],
                               stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                               universal_newlines=True)

    deps = process.stdout.readlines()

    for dep in deps:
        library_finder(dep)

if len(sys.argv) < 2:
    print("usage: {} <binary path>".format(sys.argv[0]))
    sys.exit(1)

library_finder(sys.argv[1])
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