一位优秀的绅士告诉我,goto声明不好,但我不知道我怎么也不能在这里使用它:
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int x;
int y;
int z;
int a;
int b;
Calc: //How can i get back here, without using goto?
{
cout << "To begin, type a number" << endl;
cin >> x;
cout << "Excellent!" << endl;
cout << "Now you need to type the second number" << endl;
cin >> y;
cout << "Excellent!" << endl;
cout << "Now, what do you want to do with these numbers?" << endl;
cout << "Alt. 1 +" << endl;
cout << "Alt. 2 -" << endl;
cout << "Alt. 3 *" << endl;
cout << "Alt. 4 /" << endl;
cin >> a;
if (a == 1) {
z = add(x, y);
}
if (a == 2) {
z = sub(x, y);
}
if (a == 3) {
z = mul(x, y);
}
if (a == 4) {
z = dis(x, y);
}
}
cout << "The answer to your math question is ";
cout << z << endl;
cout << "Do you want to enter another question?" << endl;
cout << "Type 1 for yes" << endl;
cout << "Type 0 for no" << endl;
cin >> b;
if (b == 1) {
goto Calc;
}
cout << "Happy trails!" << endl;
return 0;
}
这是一个计算器,你可以看到。此外,如果您愿意,可以建议更好的方法(如果存在)让用户选择操作(+ - * /)。头文件受到控制。
我为很多cout
陈述道歉。
答案 0 :(得分:8)
以下是使用do
/ while
循环进行结构清理且格式正确的版本:
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x, y, z, a, b;
do {
cout << "To begin, type a number" << endl;
cin >> x;
cout << "Excellent!" << endl;
cout << "Now you need to type the second number" << endl;
cin >> y;
cout << "Excellent!" << endl;
cout << "Now, what do you want to do with these numbers?" << endl;
cout << "Alt. 1 +" << endl;
cout << "Alt. 2 -" << endl;
cout << "Alt. 3 *" << endl;
cout << "Alt. 4 /" << endl;
cin >> a;
if (a == 1) {
z = add(x, y);
}
else if (a == 2) {
z = sub(x, y);
}
else if (a == 3) {
z = mul(x, y);
}
else if (a == 4) {
z = dis(x, y);
}
cout << "The answer to your math question is ";
cout << z << endl;
cout << "Do you want to enter another question?" << endl;
cout << "Type 1 for yes" << endl;
cout << "Type 0 for no" << endl;
cin >> b;
} while (b != 0);
cout << "Happy trails!" << endl;
return 0;
}
答案 1 :(得分:4)
嗯,使用正确的循环结构,while
,for
等。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
在这种情况下,“更普遍接受”的方法是do {
...... } while(b==1);
,但编译结果可能相同。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
您可以轻松避免代码中的“转到”。只需将其划分为函数:
using namespace std;
void question () {
cout << "To begin, type a number" << endl;
cin >> x;
// put rest of the code here
}
int main () {
int ask = 1;
while ( ask == 1 ) {
question();
cout << "Do you want to enter another question?" << endl;
cout << "Type 1 for yes" << endl;
cout << "Type 0 for no" << endl;
cin >> ask;
}
return 0;
}
编辑,如评论中所述,使用do-while实际上是一个更好的选择。
答案 4 :(得分:0)
goto
使得难以追踪执行的来源以及执行的位置。
goto
鼓励使用spagetti代码,除非你严格限制使用它(例如,你可能会认为你只是将它用于清理块,但是这样的论证在RAII存在时没有任何意义)。
您正在使用goto来模拟循环。你为什么不写一个循环?
它模糊不清,因此使您的代码对其他人不太可用。
goto
使跟踪对象生命周期变得更加困难。
答案 5 :(得分:0)
对实际问题的简短回答:不,您不应在此代码中使用goto
。没有必要。
goto
的使用应该是“当它使代码更清晰或更安全时”。 “使代码更清晰”的典型示例是当存在多层嵌套循环时,某些特定情况需要保留所有嵌套级别,并且添加“我们是否想要退出循环”会使代码更复杂。 “使其更安全”的一个例子是,如果函数持有锁,打开文件或类似的东西,并且需要提前返回 - 但您还需要使用“goto exit_now”关闭文件或释放锁定。比试图记住锁定,文件等被保持然后执行return;
更安全。
此:
if (a == 1) {
z = add(x, y);
}
if (a == 2) {
z = sub(x, y);
}
if (a == 3) {
z = mul(x, y);
}
if (a == 4) {
z = dis(x, y);
}
是一个典型案例,你应该使用'switch':
switch(a)
{
case 1:
z = add(x, y);
break;
case 2:
z = sub(x, y);
break;
....
}
使代码更清晰 - 对a
是否更改值以及另一个if
语句是否可行也没有疑惑。
答案 6 :(得分:0)
goto
不会自动坏。不可读的代码很糟糕。每当你发现自己需要一些模糊的编程结构如'goto'时,通常意味着你的代码写得不好,或者你的程序设计有缺陷。
解决方案几乎总是更多功能。例如:
bool run_program();
int prompt_user_begin();
int prompt_user_again();
int prompt_operation_type();
bool prompt_continue();
int main()
{
while(run_program())
{}
cout << "Happy trails!" << endl;
return 0;
}
bool run_program()
{
int first;
int second;
int operation_type;
int result;
first = prompt_user_begin();
cout << "Excellent!" << endl;
second = prompt_user_again();
cout << "Excellent!" << endl;
operation_type = prompt_operation_type();
switch(operation_type)
{
case 1: result = add(first, second); break;
case 2: result = sub(first, second); break;
case 3: result = mul(first, second); break;
case 4: result = div(first, second); break;
}
cout << "The answer to your math question is ";
cout << result << endl;
return prompt_continue();
}
int prompt_user_begin ()
{
int x;
cout << "To begin, type a number" << endl;
cin >> x;
return x;
}
int prompt_user_again ()
{
int x;
cout << "Now you need to type the second number" << endl;
cin >> x;
return x;
}
int prompt_operation_type ()
{
int x;
cout << "Now, what do you want to do with these numbers?" << endl;
cout << "Alt. 1 +" << endl;
cout << "Alt. 2 -" << endl;
cout << "Alt. 3 *" << endl;
cout << "Alt. 4 /" << endl;
cin >> x;
return x;
}
bool prompt_continue ()
{
int x;
cout << "Do you want to enter another question?" << endl;
cout << "Type 1 for yes" << endl;
cout << "Type 0 for no" << endl;
cin >> x;
return x==1;
}