使用变量名打印AST

时间:2013-02-15 21:59:35

标签: haskell dsl

我正在尝试在Haskell中实现EDSL。我想用绑定的变量名来打印AST(如果我不能得到实名,那么一些生成的名称就可以了)。

这是我用一个简单的例子得到的:

import Control.Monad.State

data Free f a = Roll (f (Free f a))
              | Pure a

instance Functor f => Monad (Free f) where
  return         = Pure
  (Pure a) >>= f = f a
  (Roll f) >>= g = Roll $ fmap (>>= g) f

data Expr a = I a
            | Plus (Expr a) (Expr a)
            deriving (Show)

data StackProgram a next = Pop  (a -> next)
                         | Push a next

instance Functor (StackProgram a) where
  fmap f (Pop    k) = Pop (f.k)
  fmap f (Push i x) = Push i (f x)

liftF :: Functor f => f a -> Free f a
liftF l = Roll $ fmap return l

push :: a -> Free (StackProgram a) ()
push i = liftF $ Push i ()

pop :: Free (StackProgram a) a
pop = liftF $ Pop id

prog3 :: Free (StackProgram (Expr Int)) (Expr Int)
prog3 = do
  push (I 3)
  push (I 4)
  a <- pop
  b <- pop
  return (Plus a b)

showSP' :: (Show a, Show b) => Free (StackProgram a) b -> [a] -> State Int String
showSP' (Pure a)           _        = return $ "return " ++ show a
showSP' (Roll (Pop f))    (a:stack) = do 
  i <- get
  put (i+1)
  rest <- showSP' (f a) stack
  return $ "var" ++ show i ++ " <- pop " ++ show (a:stack) ++ "\n" ++ rest
showSP' (Roll (Push i n))  stack    = do
  rest <- showSP' n (i:stack) 
  return $ "push " ++ show i ++ " " ++ show stack ++ "\n" ++ rest

showSP :: (Show a, Show b) => Free (StackProgram a) b -> [a] -> String
showSP prg stk = fst $ runState (showSP' prg stk) 0

运行此命令:

*Main> putStrLn $ showSP prog3 []
push I 3 []
push I 4 [I 3]
var0 <- pop [I 4,I 3]
var1 <- pop [I 3]
return Plus (I 4) (I 3)

所以我想要的是用Plus (I 4) (I 3)替换Plus var0 var1。我已经考虑过遍在树的其余部分并用名称值元组替换绑定变量,但我不是100%确定是否/如何工作。我也更喜欢保留原始变量名称,但我想不出这样做的简单方法。我更喜欢在haskell中使用相当轻量级的语法(如上所述)。

我也非常感谢能够教会我如何最好地完成这些事情的材料。我已经阅读了一些关于免费monad和GADT的内容,但我想我错过了如何将它们放在一起。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

使用您拥有的结构,您无法在“纯”Haskell代码中执行此操作,因为一旦编译了代码,您就无法区分(Plus a b)(Plus (I 4) (I 3))并保持“引用透明度” “ - 变量及其值的可互换性。

然而,有些不安全的黑客 - 即无法保证工作 - 可以让你做这种事情。它们通常以“可观察共享”的名称命名,并基于使用StableName访问值的表示方式。本质上,它为您提供了一个指针相等操作,允许您区分对a的引用和值(I 4)的新副本。

有助于整理此功能的一个软件包是data-reify

在编译期间,源中使用的实际变量名称将无法挽回地丢失。在Paradise中,我们使用预处理器在编译之前将foo <~ bar转换为foo <- withName "foo" $ bar,但它很笨拙,并且它会使构建速度变慢。

答案 1 :(得分:4)

我根据@Gabriel Gonzales'linked answer计算出来了。基本思想是在Expr类型中引入一个新的变量构造函数,并在解释树时为它们分配一个唯一的id。那和清理代码有点:

import Control.Monad.Free
import Data.Map

newtype VInt = VInt Int

data Expr = IntL Int
          | IntV VInt
          | Plus Expr Expr

instance Show Expr where
  show (IntL i)        = show i
  show (IntV (VInt i)) = "var" ++ show i
  show (Plus e1 e2)    = show e1 ++ " + " ++ show e2

data StackProgF next = Pop  (VInt -> next)
                     | Push Expr next

instance Functor StackProgF where
  fmap f (Pop    k) = Pop (f.k)
  fmap f (Push e x) = Push e (f x)

type StackProg = Free StackProgF
type Stack = [Expr]

push :: Expr -> StackProg ()
push e = liftF $ Push e ()

pop :: StackProg Expr
pop = liftF $ Pop IntV

prog3 :: StackProg Expr
prog3 = do
  push (IntL 3)
  push (IntL 4)
  a <- pop
  b <- pop
  return (Plus a b)

showSP :: StackProg Expr -> String
showSP prg = go 0 prg []
  where
    go i (Pure a)          _     = show a
    go i (Free (Pop n))    (h:t) = "var" ++ show i ++ " <- pop " ++ show (h:t) ++ "\n" ++ 
                                   go (i+1) (n (VInt i)) t
    go i (Free (Pop _))    []    = "error: pop on empty stack\n"
    go i (Free (Push e n)) stk   = "push " ++ show e ++ ", " ++ show stk ++ "\n" ++ go i n (e:stk)

type Env = Map Int Expr

evalExpr :: Expr -> Env -> Int
evalExpr (IntL i)        _   = i
evalExpr (IntV (VInt k)) env = evalExpr (env ! k) env
evalExpr (Plus e1 e2)    env = evalExpr e1 env + evalExpr e2 env

evalSP :: StackProg Expr -> Int
evalSP prg = go 0 prg [] empty
  where
    go i (Free (Pop _))    []    env = error "pop on empty stack\n"    
    go i (Free (Pop n))    (h:t) env = go (i+1) (n (VInt i)) t       (insert i h env)
    go i (Free (Push e n)) stk   env = go i     n            (e:stk) env
    go i (Pure a)          _stk  env = evalExpr a env

漂亮的打印和运行:

*Main> putStrLn $ showSP prog3
push 3, []
push 4, [3]
var0 <- pop [4,3]
var1 <- pop [3]
var0 + var1
*Main> evalSP prog3
7