我一直在从Java过渡到学习C。当前的练习是为LinkedList实现removeAtFront(),searchNode()和freeList()方法。理论上我理解它是如何工作的 - 我用Java快速完成它,我只是试了好几个小时而且不明白为什么下面的代码不起作用。
remove方法似乎有效,产生正确的修改列表,直到删除节点后调用搜索方法。然后总是产生seg故障11。 free方法也总是产生seg错误。
我不是要求人们做我的作业,但如果我能指出正确的方向,那将非常感激!
给定的Node *结构是:
typedef struct Node
{
char *word;
struct Node *next;
} Node;
main()之外的方法如下所示:
void insertAtFront( Node **head, char * key )
{
Node *new = malloc( sizeof(Node) );
if (!new) fatal("Malloc of new Node failed");
new->word = key;
new->next = *head;
*head = new;
}
void insertAtTail( Node **head, char * word )
{
if (!(*head)) insertAtFront(head, word);
else insertAtTail(&(*head)->next, word);
}
void removeAtFront( Node ** head )
{
Node *tmp = *head;
if (!tmp) return;
*head = tmp->next;
free(tmp->word);
free (tmp);
}
void removeNode( Node ** head, char * key )
{
Node *tmp = searchNode(*head, key);
if (tmp) removeAtFront (&tmp);
}
Node * searchNode ( Node * head, char * key )
{
if (!head || (strcmp(head->word, key) == 0)) return head;
return searchNode(head->next, key);
}
void freeList( Node ** head )
{
if (!head) return;
if (&(*head)->next) freeList (&(*head)->next);
removeAtFront(head);
}
编辑:其中一条评论修复了我对freeList()方法的问题,但其他人要求提供更多代码。这个赋值的问题是我只允许修改insertAtTail(),removeAtFront(),remove(),search()和freeList()方法。我将发布下面的主要方法。我认为单词值在这个内部正确分配。
Node *searchNode( Node * head, char * key );
void insertAtFront( Node **head, char * key ); // ALREADY WRITTEN FOR YOU
void insertAtTail( Node **head, char * key );
void removeAtFront( Node ** head );
void removeNode( Node **head, char * key );
void freeList( Node **head );
void printList( Node * head ); // ALREADY WRITTEN FOR YOU
void fatal( char * msg ); // ALREADY WRITTEN FOR YOU
#define BUFFER_CAP 20
int main()
{
Node *head = NULL;
while (1)
{
char option;
printf("\nChoose 'H'ead Insert, 'T'ail insert, 'R'emove, 'S'earch, F'ree, 'Q'uit " );
fflush( stdout );
int result = scanf(" %c%*[^\n]", &option); getchar(); // MAGIC BULLET TO CORRECTLY READ A SINGLE CHAR FROM STDIN
if (result <1) fatal("failure reading from stdin\n");
if (option == 'H' )
{
char * word=malloc(BUFFER_CAP); // DONT ENTER ANY LONG WORDS!
printf("Enter a word to insertAtFront: " );
fflush( stdout );
char * result = fgets( word, BUFFER_CAP, stdin );
if (result==NULL) fatal("failure reading from stdin\n");
strtok(word,"\n"); // overwrites '\n' with '\0'
insertAtFront( &head, word ); /* shallow copy string into list */
printList( head );
}
if (option == 'T' )
{
char * word=malloc(BUFFER_CAP); // DONT ENTER ANY LONG WORDS!
printf("Enter a word to insertAtTail: " );
fflush( stdout );
char * result = fgets( word, BUFFER_CAP, stdin );
if (result==NULL) fatal("failure reading from stdin\n");
strtok(word,"\n"); // overwrites '\n' with '\0'
insertAtTail( &head, word ); /* shallow copy string into list */
printList( head );
}
if (option == 'R' )
{
char * word=malloc(BUFFER_CAP); // DONT ENTER ANY LONG WORDS!
printf("Enter a word to remove: " );
fflush( stdout );
char * result = fgets( word, BUFFER_CAP, stdin );
if (result==NULL) fatal("failure reading from stdin\n");
strtok(word,"\n"); // overwrites '\n' with '\0'
removeNode( &head, word );
printList( head );
free( word ); // we were just using it for matching
}
if (option == 'S' )
{
char * word=malloc(BUFFER_CAP); // DONT ENTER ANY LONG WORDS!
printf("Enter a word to find: " );
fflush( stdout );
char * result = fgets( word, BUFFER_CAP, stdin );
if (result==NULL) fatal("failure reading from stdin\n");
strtok(word,"\n"); // overwrites '\n' with '\0'
if (searchNode( head, word ))
fprintf(stderr, "%s FOUND\n",word );
else
fprintf(stderr, "%s NOT FOUND\n",word );
printList( head );
free( word ); // we were just using it for matching
}
if (option == 'F' ) // free the entire list (remember to set head to NULL)
{
freeList( &head );
printList( head );
}
else if (option == 'Q' )
exit( 0 );
} // END WHILE
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:2)
当您使用Node *new = malloc( sizeof(Node) );
为节点分配内存时,您将为指针分配内存,但不为数据分配内存。你的确为char分配内存也像:( 它只是一个想法)
new->word= malloc(sizeof(char)*(strlen(key) + 1));
strcpy(new->word, key)
除此之外,您必须动态地为key
分配内存。 (因为你做free(tmp->word);
)
我认为你应该再添加一些代码。你如何通过key
?
答案 1 :(得分:0)
是的,如前面的回答所示,虽然您已为节点分配了内存,但您并未在每个节点中为单词分配内存。有时它可能会工作,而不会导致段错误,那时你正在使用你没有声称的“某人”内存,导致破坏内存位置。