PostgreSQL无法在PL / pgSQL中开始/结束事务

时间:2013-01-27 17:48:27

标签: transactions runtime-error plpgsql postgresql-9.2 read-committed

我正在寻求澄清如何在plpgsql函数中确保原子事务,以及为数据库的这一特定更改设置隔离级别。

在下面显示的plpgsql函数中,我想确保删除和插入成功。当我尝试将它们包装在单个事务中时,我收到错误:
ERROR: cannot begin/end transactions in PL/pgSQL

如果其他用户在此函数删除了自定义行之后添加了环境的默认行为('RAIN','NIGHT','45MPH'),则在执行下面的函数时会发生什么? 之前它有机会插入自定义行吗?是否存在包含插入和删除的隐式事务,以便在另一个用户更改此函数引用的任一行时回滚它们?我可以为此功能设置隔离级别吗?

create function foo(v_weather varchar(10), v_timeofday varchar(10), v_speed varchar(10),
   v_behavior varchar(10))
   returns setof CUSTOMBEHAVIOR
   as $body$
   begin

      -- run-time error if either of these lines is un-commented

      -- start transaction ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
      -- or, alternatively, set transaction ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;


      delete from CUSTOMBEHAVIOR 
      where weather = 'RAIN' and timeofday = 'NIGHT' and speed= '45MPH' ;

      -- if there is no default behavior insert a custom behavior

      if not exists
        (select id from DEFAULTBEHAVIOR where a = 'RAIN' and b = 'NIGHT' and c= '45MPH') then
         insert into CUSTOMBEHAVIOR
           (weather, timeofday, speed, behavior)
         values
           (v_weather, v_timeofday, v_speed, v_behavior);
      end if;

      return QUERY
      select * from CUSTOMBEHAVIOR where ...   ;

      -- commit;

   end
   $body$  LANGUAGE plpgsql;

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:39)

plpgsql函数自动在事务中运行。一切都成功或者都失败了。 The manual:

  

函数和触发程序总是在a中执行   由外部查询建立的事务 - 它们无法启动或   提交该事务,因为它们没有上下文   执行。但是,包含EXCEPTION子句的块   有效地形成一个可以无需回滚的子事务   影响外部交易。有关详情,请参阅Section 42.6.6.

所以,如果你需要,你可以捕获理论上可能发生的异常(但不太可能) Details on trapping errors in the manual.

您的功能已经过审核和简化:

CREATE FUNCTION foo(v_weather text
                  , v_timeofday text
                  , v_speed text
                  , v_behavior text)
  RETURNS SETOF custombehavior AS
$func$
BEGIN

DELETE FROM custombehavior
WHERE  weather = 'RAIN'
AND    timeofday = 'NIGHT'
AND    speed = '45MPH';

INSERT INTO custombehavior (weather, timeofday, speed, behavior)
SELECT v_weather, v_timeofday, v_speed, v_behavior
WHERE  NOT EXISTS (
   SELECT FROM defaultbehavior
   WHERE  a = 'RAIN'
   AND    b = 'NIGHT'
   AND    c = '45MPH'
   );

RETURN QUERY
SELECT * FROM custombehavior WHERE ... ;

END
$func$  LANGUAGE plpgsql;

如果您确实需要 开始/结束交易 ,如标题中所示,请查看Postgres 11或更高版本(CREATE PROCEDURE)中的SQL过程。相关:

答案 1 :(得分:0)

START TRANSACTION;
select foo() ;
COMMIT;

"不幸的是Postgres没有存储过程,所以你总是需要在调用代码中管理事务" - a_horse_with_no_name

Transaction in an exception block - how?