使用eval或JSON.parse可以轻松地将JSON加载到javascript中的对象中。
但是如果你有一个像函数一样合适的“类”,那你如何将JSON数据输入呢?
E.g。
function Person(name) {
this.name=name;
this.address = new Array();
this.friendList;
this.promote = function(){
// do some complex stuff
}
this.addAddress = function(address) {
this.address.push(address)
}
}
var aPersonJSON = '{\"name\":\"Bob\",\"address\":[{\"street\":\"good st\",\"postcode\":\"ADSF\"}]}'
var aPerson = eval( "(" + aPersonJSON + ")" ); // or JSON.parse
//alert (aPerson.name); // Bob
var someAddress = {street:"bad st",postcode:"HELL"};
//alert (someAddress.street); // bad st
aPerson.addAddress(someAddress); // fail!
关键是我需要能够从JSON创建适当的Person实例,但我能得到的只是一个愚蠢的对象。我想知道它是否有可能用原型做一些事情?
我不想解析JSON的每一行,并将每个变量分配给相应的函数属性,这太难了。我所拥有的实际JSON和函数比上面的例子复杂得多。
我假设可以将函数方法JSONify转换为JSON字符串,但是因为我需要保持结果数据尽可能小这不是一个选项 - 我只想存储和加载数据,而不是javascript代码对于方法。
如果我可以提供帮助,我也不想将JSON加载的数据作为子对象(但可能是唯一的方法),例如,
function Person(name) {
this.data = {};
this.data.name=name;
}
var newPerson = new Person("");
newPerson.data = eval( "(" + aPersonJSON + ")" );
alert (newPerson.data.name); // Bob
有什么想法吗?
答案 0 :(得分:21)
您需要使用reviver
功能:
// Registry of types
var Types = {};
function MyClass(foo, bar) {
this._foo = foo;
this._bar = bar;
}
Types.MyClass = MyClass;
MyClass.prototype.getFoo = function() {
return this._foo;
}
// Method which will provide a JSON.stringifiable object
MyClass.prototype.toJSON = function() {
return {
__type: 'MyClass',
foo: this._foo,
bar: this._bar
};
};
// Method that can deserialize JSON into an instance
MyClass.revive = function(data) {
// TODO: do basic validation
return new MyClass(data.foo, data.bar);
};
var instance = new MyClass('blah', 'blah');
// JSON obtained by stringifying an instance
var json = JSON.stringify(instance); // "{"__type":"MyClass","foo":"blah","bar":"blah"}";
var obj = JSON.parse(json, function(key, value) {
return key === '' && value.hasOwnProperty('__type')
? Types[value.__type].revive(value)
: this[key];
});
obj.getFoo(); // blah
真的没有别的办法......
答案 1 :(得分:7)
许多框架提供了一个“扩展”功能,可以将字段从一个对象复制到另一个对象。你可以将它与JSON.parse结合起来做你想要的。
newPerson = new Person();
_.extend(newPerson, JSON.parse(aPersonJSON));
如果您不想包含下划线之类的内容,您可以随时复制扩展功能或自行编写。
Coffeescript的例子,因为我很无聊:
JSONExtend = (obj, json) ->
obj[field] = value for own field, value of JSON.parse json
return obj
class Person
toString: -> "Hi I'm #{@name} and I'm #{@age} years old."
dude = JSONExtend new Person, '{"name":"bob", "age":27}'
console.log dude.toString()
答案 2 :(得分:4)
派对有点晚了,但这可能对某人有所帮助。 这就是我解决它的方式,ES6语法:
class Page
{
constructor() {
this.__className = "Page";
}
__initialize() {
// Do whatever initialization you need here.
// We'll use this as a makeshift constructor.
// This method is NOT required, though
}
}
class PageSection
{
constructor() {
this.__className = "PageSection";
}
}
class ObjectRebuilder
{
// We need this so we can instantiate objects from class name strings
static classList() {
return {
Page: Page,
PageSection: PageSection
}
}
// Checks if passed variable is object.
// Returns true for arrays as well, as intended
static isObject(varOrObj) {
return varOrObj !== null && typeof varOrObj === 'object';
}
static restoreObject(obj) {
let newObj = obj;
// At this point we have regular javascript object
// which we got from JSON.parse. First, check if it
// has "__className" property which we defined in the
// constructor of each class
if (obj.hasOwnProperty("__className")) {
let list = ObjectRebuilder.classList();
// Instantiate object of the correct class
newObj = new (list[obj["__className"]]);
// Copy all of current object's properties
// to the newly instantiated object
newObj = Object.assign(newObj, obj);
// Run the makeshift constructor, if the
// new object has one
if (newObj.__initialize === 'function') {
newObj.__initialize();
}
}
// Iterate over all of the properties of the new
// object, and if some of them are objects (or arrays!)
// constructed by JSON.parse, run them through ObjectRebuilder
for (let prop of Object.keys(newObj)) {
if (ObjectRebuilder.isObject(newObj[prop])) {
newObj[prop] = ObjectRebuilder.restoreObject(newObj[prop]);
}
}
return newObj;
}
}
let page = new Page();
let section1 = new PageSection();
let section2 = new PageSection();
page.pageSections = [section1, section2];
let jsonString = JSON.stringify(page);
let restoredPageWithPageSections = ObjectRebuilder.restoreObject(JSON.parse(jsonString));
console.log(restoredPageWithPageSections);
您的页面应该作为类Page
的对象进行恢复,其中包含2个类PageSection
的对象。无论深度如何,递归都一直工作到最后一个对象。
答案 3 :(得分:2)
最简单的方法是使用JSON.parse
来解析字符串,然后将对象传递给函数。 JSON.parse
是在线json2库的一部分。
答案 4 :(得分:1)
万一有人需要它,这里是一个纯粹的JavaScript扩展函数 (这显然属于对象定义)。
this.extend = function (jsonString){
var obj = JSON.parse(jsonString)
for (var key in obj) {
this[key] = obj[key]
console.log("Set ", key ," to ", obj[key])
}
}
请不要忘记删除console.log
:P
答案 5 :(得分:0)
我;对此并不多,但aPerson.addAddress不应该工作, 为什么不直接分配到对象?
aPerson.address.push(someAddress);
alert(aPerson.address); // alert [object object]