我是Ruby
的新用户,我尝试在Grades
之间进行比较,示例中显示了
include Comparable
class Grade
attr_accessor :grades, :grade
def initialize( grade = "" )
self.grades = { :nil => -1, :"F" => 0, :"D-" => 1, :"D" => 2, :"D+" => 3,
:"C-" => 4, :"C" => 5, :"C+" => 6, :"B-" => 7, :"B" => 8,
:"B+" => 9, :"A-" => 10, "A+" => 11 }
if self.grades[ grade ]
self.grade = grade
else
self.grade = nil
end
end
def <=>( other )
if self.grades[ self.grade ] < self.grades[ other.grade ]
return -1
elsif self.grades[ self.grade ] == self.grades[ other.grade ]
return 0
else
return 1
end
end
end
a_plus = Grade.new("A+")
a = Grade.new("A")
[a_plus, a].sort # should return [a, a_plus]
所以,我得到了:
grade.rb:31:in `<': comparison of Fixnum with nil failed (ArgumentError)
from grade.rb:31:in `<=>'
from grade.rb:43:in `sort'
from grade.rb:43:in `<main>'
我只想在Ruby
中的对象之间实现Comparison
答案 0 :(得分:8)
可比较用途&lt; =&gt;实现传统的比较运算符(&lt;,&lt; =,==,&gt; =和&gt;)以及?之间的方法。
当你想要实现这样的事情时,只实现<=>
。其余的应该自动跟随。例如,如果您定义<
,则会弄乱该课程。
您可以这样做:
class Grade
include Comparable
attr_reader :index
@@grades = %w[F D- D D+ C- C C+ B- B B+ A- A+]
def initialize (grade = nil); @index = @@grades.index(grade).to_i end
def <=> (other); @index <=> other.index end
end
a_plus = Grade.new("A+")
a = Grade.new("A")
a_plus > a
# => true
[a_plus, a].sort
# => `[a, a_plus]` will be given in this order
答案 1 :(得分:1)
您只需按照以下步骤操作:
class Foo
include Comparable
attr_reader :bar
def initialize bar
@bar = bar
end
def <=>(another_foo)
self.bar <=> another_foo.bar
end
end
因此,在<=>
的定义中,您可以添加自己的逻辑。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
评论您的原始帖子:当您收到
之类的消息时in&#39;&gt;&#39 ;:未定义的方法&#39;&gt;&#39; for nil:NilClass(NoMethodError)
只需输入print语句即可显示值。因此,你会立即发现在initialize
中,self.grades[ self.grade ]
返回nil,因为Grade.new("A+")
中的参数是一个String,但哈希中的键是符号,所以你需要转换与to_sym
。
您的原始课程已重新排列,并附有印刷语句(仅显示&gt;(其他)):
class Grade
attr_reader :grade
@@grades = { :nil => -1, :"F" => 0, :"D-" => 1, :"D" => 2, :"D+" => 3,
:"C-" => 4, :"C" => 5, :"C+" => 6, :"B-" => 7, :"B" => 8,
:"B+" => 9, :"A-" => 10, :"A+" => 11 }
def initialize( p_grade = "" )
@grade = p_grade if @@grades[ p_grade.to_sym ]
puts "init param=#{p_grade} value=<#{@@grades[ p_grade.to_sym ]}> @grades=<#{@grade}>"
end
def >( other )
puts "in >( other ) : key1=#{self.grade} key2=#{other.grade}"
puts "in >( other ) : $#{@@grades[ self.grade ]}$ ??? $#{@@grades[ other.grade ]}$"
return @@grades[ self.grade ] > @@grades[ other.grade ]
end
end
print '--- Grade.new("A+") : '; a_plus = Grade.new("A+")
print '--- Grade.new("A") : '; a = Grade.new("A")
print '--- a_plus > a : '; p a_plus > a
执行:
$ ruby -w t.rb
--- Grade.new("A+") : init param=A+ value=<11> @grades=<A+>
--- Grade.new("A") : t.rb:9: warning: instance variable @grade not initialized
init param=A value=<> @grades=<>
--- a_plus > a : in >( other ) : key1=A+ key2=
in >( other ) : $$ ??? $$
t.rb:15:in `>': undefined method `>' for nil:NilClass (NoMethodError)
from t.rb:21:in `<main>'
Grade.new("A")
:由于哈希中不存在 A ,因此未设置实例变量@grade,self.grades[ self.grade ] > ...
将消息>
发送为零,NilClass的一个实例,它没有定义>
。
注意诀窍@ grades =&lt;#{xyz}&gt;,用&lt;&gt;围绕插值。当值为零时,或者$$使显示更明显 另请注意ruby -w t.rb中的-w,显示有趣的警告消息。