更新:感谢关于保存代码SSCCE的建议。就像我说的,这是我第一次在这里发帖。我下次肯定会花时间确保代码在我下次发布之前已经充分调整。
所以我正在为我的计算机科学课写一个程序,并且遇到一个我无法弄清楚的奇怪问题。我尝试通过使用try / catch语句来阻止无效的数据类型输入,然后它可能会结束并结束整个程序,从而使我的程序健壮,但它似乎不起作用。输入无效数据类型时,程序结束时不会在窗口中显示任何Java的标准错误消息。我不知道为什么会这样,但我认为我错误地使用了try / catch语句。以下是我的课程的两个课程:
/* The core class for the finance calculations to be done in the FinanceApp class. */
public class FinanceCore{
// Instance variables
int numYears;
double principal;
double interestRate;
double balance;
public FinanceCore(){
numYears = 0;
principal = 0;
interestRate = 0;
balance = 0;
}
// Mutator methods that return boolean values depending on whether the input was valid or not
public boolean setYears(int y){
if(y >= 0){
numYears = y;
return true;
}
else return false;
}
public boolean setPrincipal(double p){
if(p >= 0){
principal = p;
balance = principal;
return true;
}
else return false;
}
public boolean setInterestRate(double ir){
if(ir >= 0 && ir <= 1){
interestRate = ir;
return true;
}
else return false;
}
// Two accessors
public int getYears(){
return numYears;
}
public double getPrincipal(){
return principal;
}
// This method calculates and returns the balance at the end of each year
public double plusYear(){
balance = balance*(1+interestRate);
return balance;
}
}
/* This program recieves three pieces of data (interest rate, principal amount, number of years) and generates an output
* table that shows how much money will be in a fund with the given parameters at the end of every year. */
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FinanceApp{
public static void main(String[]args){
// First, we will declare our global variables, and set them to default values
Scanner reader = new Scanner(System.in);
FinanceCore account = new FinanceCore();
int menuItem = 0;
// Now, we'll greet the user (because we're friendly like that)
System.out.println("Welcome! Please select a menu option below.");
while(true){
/* Now, our first user interface: a menu system that displays four options to the user arranged in
* columns for aesthetic effect. This is accomplished using the printf method.
*/
System.out.printf("%n%-20s%-20s%n%-20s%-20s%n%-20s%n",
"Set Principal[1]","Set Interest Rate[2]","Set Timespan[3]","Calculate[4]","Quit[5]");
System.out.print(": ");
// Now we get the user input until it is valid, and catch and errors in input type
try {
menuItem = reader.nextInt();
}
catch(Exception e){
reader.nextLine(); // Clear the input stream to avoid an infinite loop
System.out.println("Please a valid number 1-5.");
}
// The code for setting the principal amount
if(menuItem == 1){
while(true){
System.out.print("Please enter the principal investment amount: ");
try{
if(account.setPrincipal(reader.nextDouble()));
break;
}
catch(Exception e){
reader.nextLine(); // Clear the input stream to avoid an infinite loop
System.out.println("Please enter a valid dollar amount.");
}
}
}
// The code for setting the interest rate
else if(menuItem == 2){
while(true){
System.out.print("Please enter the quarterly interest rate: ");
try{
if(account.setInterestRate(reader.nextDouble()));
break;
}
catch(Exception e){
reader.nextLine(); // Clear the input stream to avoid an infinite loop
System.out.println("Please enter a valid decimal number between 0 and 1 (inclusive).");
}
}
}
// The code for setting the number of years
else if(menuItem == 3){
while(true){
System.out.print("Please enter the number of years the account will exist: ");
try{
if(account.setYears(reader.nextInt()));
break;
}
catch(Exception e){
reader.nextLine(); // Clear the input stream to avoid an infinite loop
System.out.println("Please enter a valid integer value.");
}
}
}
// This part actually executes the calculation
else if(menuItem == 4){
System.out.printf("%-10s%-10s%n%-10d%-10.2f%n","YEAR","BALANCE",0,account.getPrincipal());
int count = 1;
for(int c = account.getYears(); c > 0; c--){
System.out.printf("%-10d%-10.2f%n",count,account.plusYear());
count++;
}
}
// If the user enters any other number, the program quits
else
break;
}
}
}
请注意,此程序存在一个我似乎无法修复的问题。出于某种原因,每一次 用户在菜单选择提示下输入无效数据类型,程序结束(尽管没有任何错误 被抛出)。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
当你使用try-catch块时,你实际上告诉编译器你将负责显示错误消息 - 没有显示内置消息。相反,将显示您在catch语句中包含的任何错误提示。
当我运行程序时,我看到了您的错误消息,但没有内置的Java错误消息;这应该是怎么回事。实际上,错误正在被抛出 - 但是你正在捕获它们,因此Java不会在控制台上显示默认消息。
关于你在课程结束时的评论:
如果用户在菜单提示符处输入了错误的数据类型,请查看正在发生的情况; menuItem
仍为零。因此,所有if语句都评估为false。因此,else语句运行,终止程序。
答案 1 :(得分:3)
其他答案解释了为什么你没有得到你期望的输出。我还想做一些重要的编程错误:
Exception
!当您捕获Exception
时,您会捕获代码可能抛出的Exception
的每个可能子类型。在您的情况下,您显然期待 InputMismatchException
被抛出,但nextXxx
方法也会抛出其他异常,例如NoSuchElementException
或{{1} }。然后有IllegalStateException
之类的其他可能表明存在错误。
您应该明确地捕获并处理您期望的异常,并将其他异常留给更通用的意外异常处理。
NullPointerException
错误消息它会告诉你实际错误的详细信息; e.g。
Exception
事实上,这是一个例外是出乎意料的,打印出来或记录异常的堆栈跟踪是一个很好的想法,这样你(或者必须处理来自用户的错误报告的人)可以找出实际上发生了。
你的安装人员做了这样的事情:
try {
menuItem = reader.nextInt();
}
catch(InputMismatchException e){
reader.nextLine(); // Clear the input stream to avoid an infinite loop
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
System.out.println("Please a valid number 1-5.");
}
问题有三个:
像这样写:
public boolean setInterestRate(double ir){
if(ir >= 0 && ir <= 1){
interestRate = ir;
return true;
}
else return false;
}
答案 2 :(得分:2)
如果输入了一个无效的菜单项,你会得到menuItem = 0,它会落到你的if阶梯的底部,然后点击最后的休息时间。
答案 3 :(得分:2)
只需在catch块的最后一个语句后继续,如下所示;
catch(Exception e){
reader.nextLine(); // Clear the input stream to avoid an infinite loop
System.out.println("Please a valid number 1-5.");
continue;
}
因为你允许程序在捕获异常后继续执行,这会暂停你的程序。
希望这有帮助。