PostgreSql 9.2保留表定义为
CREATE EXTENSION btree_gist;
CREATE TABLE schedule (
id serial primary key,
during tsrange not null,
EXCLUDE USING gist (during WITH &&)
);
假期列于表
CREATE TABLE holiday ( day primary key );
工作时间为工作日的8至18:00,只能按照30分钟的间隔完成预约。 如何在值期间添加约束,以便它只允许在工作时间进行预留:
将这些或部分约束添加到此表中是否合理? 如果是,如何添加? 如果这有帮助,可以更改计划表结构。
答案 0 :(得分:4)
您可以使用普通CHECK
constraints:
使用专用range functions lower(anysrange)
and upper(anyrange)
访问范围的下边界/上边框。
1。)tsrange中的开始和结束日期始终相同。
CONSTRAINT schedule_same_day
CHECK (lower(during)::date = upper(during)::date)
2。)开始和结束日期不能是星期六和星期日
使用isodow
, not dow
表示更简单的表达式。
CONSTRAINT schedule_no weekend
CHECK (EXTRACT(ISODOW FROM lower(during)) < 6) -- upper on same day
唯一的例外:为此你需要一个触发器,如:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION trg_during_no_holy()
RETURNS trigger AS
$func$
BEGIN
IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM holiday WHERE day = lower(NEW.during)) THEN
RAISE EXCEPTION 'Day too holy: %', lower(NEW.during);
END IF;
RETURN NEW;
END
$func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE;
CREATE TRIGGER insupbef_holycheck
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE
ON schedule
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trg_during_no_holy();
4。)开始时间只能是8:00,8:30,9:00,9:30,... 16:00,16:30,17:00或17:30(含) 5.)结束时间仅限8:30,9:00,9:30,16:00,16:30,17:00,17:30或18:00独家
CONSTRAINT schedule_8_inc_to_18_exc_half_hours
CHECK (lower(during)::time BETWEEN time '8:00'AND time '17:30' -- time range
AND upper(during)::time BETWEEN time '8:30'AND time '18:00'
AND EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM lower(during)) IN (0, 30) -- only :00 or :30
AND EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM upper(during)) IN (0, 30)
AND lower_inc(during) -- lower bound always incl.
AND upper_inc(during) = FALSE -- upper bound always excl.
)
如何将秒和小数秒限制为0?
最简单的方法:转换为timestamp(0)
或timestamptz(0)
或使用此数据类型开始列。我引用the manual here:
time
,timestamp
和interval
接受可选的精确值p
它指定了保留的小数位数 秒场。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
您需要更改表定义并添加一些check
约束:
CREATE TABLE schedule (
id serial primary key,
during tsrange not null check(
(lower(during)::date = upper(during)::date) and
(date_trunc('hour', upper(during)) + INTERVAL '30 min' * ROUND(date_part('minute', upper(during)) / 30.0) = upper(during)) and
(date_trunc('hour', lower(during)) + INTERVAL '30 min' * ROUND(date_part('minute', lower(during)) / 30.0) = lower(during)) and
(lower(during)::time >= '8:00'::time and upper(during)::time <= '18:00'::time) and
(date_part('dow', lower(during)) in (1,2,3,4,5) and date_part('dow', upper(during)) in (1,2,3,4,5))
),
EXCLUDE USING gist (during WITH &&)
);
支票按此顺序
我们需要holiday
表格中的内容:
插入假日值('2012-11-28');
check
无法引用其他表,因此我们需要触发函数(将所有检查放入此函数可能更好,即将它们放在一个位置):
create function holiday_check() returns trigger language plpgsql stable as $$
begin
if exists (select * from holiday where day in (lower(NEW.during)::date, upper(NEW.during)::date)) then
raise exception 'public holiday';
else
return NEW;
end if;
end;
$$;
然后我们需要在insert
/ update
之前创建触发器:
create trigger holiday_check_i before insert on schedule for each row execute procedure holiday_check();
create trigger holiday_check_u before update on schedule for each row execute procedure holiday_check();
最后,一些测试:
-- OK
insert into schedule(during) values (tsrange('2012-11-26 08:00', '2012-11-26 09:00'));
INSERT 0 1
-- out of business hours
insert into schedule(during) values (tsrange('2012-11-26 04:00', '2012-11-26 05:00'));
ERROR: new row for relation "schedule" violates check constraint "schedule_during_check"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (12, ["2012-11-26 04:00:00","2012-11-26 05:00:00")).
-- End time can be only 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, ... 16:00, 16:30, 17:00, 17:30 or 18:00 exclusive
insert into schedule(during) values (tsrange('2012-11-26 08:00', '2012-11-26 09:10'));
ERROR: new row for relation "schedule" violates check constraint "schedule_during_check"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (13, ["2012-11-26 08:00:00","2012-11-26 09:10:00")).
-- Start time can be only 8:00 , 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, ... 16:00, 16:30, 17:00 or 17:30 inclusive
insert into schedule(during) values (tsrange('2012-11-26 11:24', '2012-11-26 13:00'));
ERROR: new row for relation "schedule" violates check constraint "schedule_during_check"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (14, ["2012-11-26 11:24:00","2012-11-26 13:00:00")).
-- holiday
insert into schedule(during) values (tsrange('2012-11-28 10:00', '2012-11-28 13:00'));
ERROR: public holiday