如何在PostgreSql中的预订表中找到第一个空闲时间

时间:2012-11-14 20:57:48

标签: sql postgresql schedule postgresql-9.2

预订表包含预订开始日期,开始时间和持续时间。 开始时间是工作时间的8:00到18:00工作时间的半小时增量。 持续时间也是一天半小时的增量。

CREATE TABLE reservation (
  startdate date not null,  -- start date
  starthour numeric(4,1) not null , -- start hour 8 8.5 9 9.5  ..  16.5 17 17.5
  duration  Numeric(3,1) not null, -- duration by hours 0.5 1 1.5 .. 9 9.5 10
  primary key (startdate, starthour)
);
如果需要,可以更改表结构。

如何在表中找到第一个免费半小时的未预约? E.q if table contains

startdate   starthour  duration 
14          9           1              -- ends at 9:59
14          10          1.5            -- ends at 11:29, e.q there is 30 minute gap before next
14          12          2
14          16          2.5

结果应为:

starthour  duration
11.5       0.5

可能用PostgreSql 9.2窗口函数来查找 第一行的starthour大于上一行starthour + duration
如何编写返回此信息的select语句?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:9)

Postgres 9.2有范围类型,我建议使用它们。

create table reservation (reservation tsrange);
insert into reservation values 
('[2012-11-14 09:00:00,2012-11-14 10:00:00)'), 
('[2012-11-14 10:00:00,2012-11-14 11:30:00)'), 
('[2012-11-14 12:00:00,2012-11-14 14:00:00)'), 
('[2012-11-14 16:00:00,2012-11-14 18:30:00)');

ALTER TABLE reservation ADD EXCLUDE USING gist (reservation WITH &&);

“EXCLUDE USING gist”创建不允许插入重叠条目的索引。您可以使用以下查询来查找间隙(vyegorov查询的变体):

with gaps as (
  select 
    upper(reservation) as start, 
    lead(lower(reservation),1,upper(reservation)) over (ORDER BY reservation) - upper(reservation) as gap 
  from (
    select * 
    from reservation 
    union all values 
      ('[2012-11-14 00:00:00, 2012-11-14 08:00:00)'::tsrange), 
      ('[2012-11-14 18:00:00, 2012-11-15 00:00:00)'::tsrange)
  ) as x
) 
select * from gaps where gap > '0'::interval;

'联合所有价值'掩盖非工作时间,因此您只能在上午8点到晚上18点之间进行预订。

结果如下:

        start        |   gap    
---------------------+----------
 2012-11-14 08:00:00 | 01:00:00
 2012-11-14 11:30:00 | 00:30:00
 2012-11-14 14:00:00 | 02:00:00

文档链接: - http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/static/rangetypes.html“范围类型” - https://wiki.postgresql.org/images/7/73/Range-types-pgopen-2012.pdf

答案 1 :(得分:1)

也许不是最好的查询,但它可以做你想要的:

WITH
times AS (
    SELECT startdate sdate,
        startdate + (floor(starthour)||'h '||
           ((starthour-floor(starthour))*60)||'min')::interval shour,
        startdate + (floor(starthour)||'h '||
           ((starthour-floor(starthour))*60)||'min')::interval 
           + (floor(duration)||'h '||
             ((duration-floor(duration))*60)||'min')::interval ehour
      FROM reservation),
gaps AS (
    SELECT sdate,shour,ehour,lead(shour,1,ehour)
       OVER (PARTITION BY sdate ORDER BY shour) - ehour as gap
      FROM times)
SELECT * FROM gaps WHERE gap > '0'::interval;

一些注意事项:

  1. 最好不要分开事件的时间和数据。如果必须,请使用标准类型;
  2. 如果无法使用标准类型,请创建函数以将numeric小时转换为time格式。