Python中的邻接列表和邻接矩阵

时间:2012-11-25 00:29:42

标签: python algorithm adjacency-list adjacency-matrix

您好我理解邻接列表和矩阵的概念,但我对如何在Python中实现它们感到困惑:

实现以下两个示例的算法实现但是从一开始就不知道输入,因为他们在示例中对它进行了硬编码:

对于邻接列表:

    a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h = range(8) 
    N = [ 
     {b:2, c:1, d:3, e:9, f:4},    # a 
     {c:4, e:3},                   # b 
     {d:8},                        # c 
     {e:7},                        # d 
     {f:5},                        # e 
     {c:2, g:2, h:2},              # f 
     {f:1, h:6},                   # g 
     {f:9, g:8}                    # h 
   ] 

对于邻接矩阵:

    a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h = range(8) 
    _ = float('inf') 
    #     a b c d e f g h
    W = [[0,2,1,3,9,4,_,_], # a 
        [_,0,4,_,3,_,_,_], # b 
        [_,_,0,8,_,_,_,_], # c 
        [_,_,_,0,7,_,_,_], # d 
        [_,_,_,_,0,5,_,_], # e 
        [_,_,2,_,_,0,2,2], # f 
        [_,_,_,_,_,1,0,6], # g 
        [_,_,_,_,_,9,8,0]] # h

再次感谢任何帮助,谢谢!

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

假设:

edges = [('a', 'b'), ('a', 'b'), ('a', 'c')]

以下是矩阵的一些代码:

from collections import defaultdict

matrix = defaultdict(int)
for edge in edges:
    matrix[edge] += 1

print matrix['a', 'b']
2

对于“清单”:

from collections import defaultdict

adj_list = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(lambda: 0))
for start, end in edges:
    adj_list[start][end] += 1

print adj_list['a']
{'c': 1, 'b': 2}

答案 1 :(得分:1)

设置数据结构非常简单。例如,邻接列表示例可以使用defaultdict来实现,如下所示:

from collections import defaultdict

N = defaultdict(dict)

然后当您开始输入时,只需为每个输入的边缘执行N[start][end] = weight。如果你有一些没有出站边的节点(你需要将内部字典的键与外部字典联合起来以确保你拥有它们),那么节点集将会变得更加棘手。但即使没有完整的节点列表,许多算法也能正常工作。

邻接矩阵稍微复杂一些,因为您需要知道节点的数量才能正确设置其尺寸。如果您提前知道,那么很简单:

number_of_nodes = 8
_ = float("inf")

N = [[_]*number_of_nodes for i in number_of_nodes]

如果不这样做,您可能希望扫描您获得的边缘作为输入以找到编号最高的节点,然后使用上面相同的代码来制作矩阵。例如,如果您的边缘是作为(start, end, weight) 3元组的列表提供的,则可以使用:

number_of_nodes = max(max(start, end) for start, end, weight in edges)

答案 2 :(得分:0)

我希望以下示例可以帮助您 它既有Initialized Graph,也有用户自定义

class Graph:
"""
  Read the Intialized Graph and Create a Adjacency list out of it 
   There could be cases where in the initialized graph <map> link
  issues are not maintained
   for example node 2 to 1 link 
    2->1
   there needs to be a link then since undirected Graph
    1->2
"""

def __init__(self,Graph_init):
    self.edge={}
    for keys,values in Graph_init.items():
         for value in values:
             self.addEdge(keys,value);

"""
Add a vertex to graph map
structure is
int => int list
"""
def addVertex(self,v):
    if v not in self.edge:
        self.edge[v]=[]
"""
Add Edge from both vertex to each other
Make sure the nodes are present   

“”“
    def addEdge(self,u,v):         如果你不在自我中:             self.addVertex(U)         如果v不在self.edge中:             self.addVertex(五)         如果你不在self.edge [v]:             self.edge [V] .append(u)的         如果v不在self.edge [u]:             self.edge [U] .append(v)的

def isEdge(self,u,v):
    if u not in self.edge:
        return False
    if v not in self.edge:
        return False 
    return  u in self.edge[v] 

def display(self):
    for keys,values in self.edge.items():
        print(keys,":=>",values)

"""A initalized Graph (not in form of adjaceny list"""
Graph_init = {1:[2,3,5],
          2:[1,4],
          3:[1,6]};

"""Default constrcutor takes care of making the initialzed map to adjaceny 
list"""                 
g=Graph(Graph_init)
g.addVertex(1)
g.addVertex(2) 
g.addVertex(3)
g.addEdge(1,2)
g.addEdge(3,2)
g.display();