我被赋予了使用Python绘制拼凑图案的任务。我需要从用户那里获得宽度和高度，两者都必须大于3但小于10，并且4种颜色不能相同。我已经写好了这段代码。但我需要画出两种不同类型的图案。一个图案沿着边缘，只有一个贴片深，第二个图案填充在中心正方形。现在，我用来绘制它的代码是沿顶部，底部，然后每一侧重复第一个补丁，然后在整个中间重复第二个模式。但是现在我必须为每个不同的贴片分配一种颜色，循环使用给定的颜色，这样它从第一个开始，循环遍历它们，然后从第一个开始。
我的问题是，我不知道如何循环使用颜色，因为顺序会逐行不同。有没有一种很好的有效方式来做到目前为止我所写的，即。绘制一个单独的补丁并在线上重复，如果是这样，最好的方法是什么？
from graphics import *
def main():
width, height = getDimensions()
colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4 = getColours()
win = drawGraphWin(width, height)
drawPattern(win, width, height, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
def getDimensions():
width = input("How many patches, between 4 and 9, would you like \
horizontally? :")
while True:
try:
width = int(width)
break
except ValueError:
width = input("How many patches, between 4 and 9, would you like \
horizontally? :")
while width < 4 or width > 9:
width = eval(input("How many patches, between 4 and 9, would you like \
horizontally? :"))
height = input("How many patches, between 4 and 9, would you like \
vertically? :")
while True:
try:
height = int(height)
break
except ValueError:
height = input("How many patches, between 4 and 9, would you like \
vertically? :")
while height < 4 or height > 9:
height = eval(input("How many patches, between 4 and 9, would you like \
vertically? :"))
return width, height
def getColours():
colour1 = input("Please enter a colour \
(red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
while valid1(colour1) == False:
colour1 = input("Please enter a colour \
(red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
colour2 = input("Please enter a second colour \
(red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
while valid2(colour1, colour2) == False:
colour2 = input("Please enter a second colour \
(red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
colour3 = input("Please enter third a colour \
(red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
while valid3(colour1, colour2, colour3) == False:
colour3 = input("Please enter third a colour \
(red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
colour4 = input("Please enter a fourth colour \
(red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
while valid4(colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4) == False:
colour4 = input("Please enter a fourth colour \
(red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
return colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4
def valid1(colour1):
if any( [colour1 == "red", colour1 == "green", colour1 == "blue", \
colour1 == "yellow", colour1 == "magenta", colour1 == "orange", \
colour1 == "cyan"]):
return True
else:
return False
def valid2(colour1, colour2):
if any( [colour2 == "red", colour2 == "green", colour2 == "blue", \
colour2 == "yellow", colour2 == "magenta", colour2 == "orange", \
colour2 == "cyan"]):
if colour2 == colour1:
return False
else:
return True
else:
return False
def valid3(colour1, colour2, colour3):
if any( [colour3 == "red", colour3 == "green", colour3 == "blue", \
colour3 == "yellow", colour3 == "magenta", colour3 == "orange", \
colour3 == "cyan"]):
if any( [colour3 == colour2, colour3 == colour1]):
return False
else:
return True
else:
return False
def valid4(colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4):
if any( [colour4 == "red", colour4 == "green", colour4 == "blue", \
colour4 == "yellow", colour4 == "magenta", colour4 == "orange", \
colour4 == "cyan"]):
if any( [colour4 == colour3, colour4 == colour2, colour4 == colour1]):
return False
else:
return True
else:
return False
def drawGraphWin(width, height):
win = GraphWin("CW PatchWork Deisgn", width*100, height*100)
win.setCoords(0.0,0.0,4*width,3*height)
for i in range(width):
vLineN = Line(Point(i*4, 0), Point(i*4, height*3))
vLineN.draw(win)
for j in range(height):
hLineN = Line(Point(0, j*3), Point(width*4, j*3))
hLineN.draw(win)
return win
def drawPattern(win, width, height, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4):
for widthNo in range(width):
drawPatch1(win, widthNo, 0, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
for widthNo in range(width):
drawPatch1(win, widthNo, height-1, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
for heightNo in range(height-2):
drawPatch1(win, 0, heightNo+1, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
for heightNo in range(height-2):
drawPatch1(win, width-1, heightNo+1, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
for innerNoH in range(width-2):
innerWidth = innerNoH +1
for innerNoV in range(height-2):
innerHeight = height - 2 - innerNoV
drawPatch2(win, innerWidth, innerHeight, colour1, colour2, colour3,\
colour4)
win.getMouse()
win.close()
def drawPatch1(win, widthNo, height, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4):
for i in range(6):
vLineN = Line(Point((0.8*(i))+widthNo*4, 0+height*3), \
Point((0.8*(i))+widthNo*4, 3+height*3))
vLineN.draw(win)
hLineN = Line(Point(0+widthNo*4, (0.6*(i))+height*3), \
Point(4+widthNo*4, (0.6*(i))+height*3))
hLineN.draw(win)
if i == 0:
for j in range(5):
hiMessage = drawHiMessage(0.4+widthNo*4, (0.3+(j*0.6))+height*3,\
win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
hiMessage.setFill(colour1)
vLineN.setFill(colour1)
hLineN.setFill(colour1)
elif i == 1:
for k in range(5):
hiMessage = drawHiMessage(1.2+widthNo*4, (0.3+(k*0.6))+height*3,\
win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
hiMessage.setFill(colour2)
vLineN.setFill(colour2)
hLineN.setFill(colour2)
elif i == 2:
for l in range(5):
hiMessage = drawHiMessage(2+widthNo*4, (0.3+(l*0.6))+height*3, \
win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
hiMessage.setFill(colour3)
vLineN.setFill(colour3)
hLineN.setFill(colour3)
elif i == 3:
for m in range(5):
hiMessage = drawHiMessage(2.8+widthNo*4, (0.3+(m*0.6))+height*3,\
win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
hiMessage.setFill(colour4)
vLineN.setFill(colour4)
hLineN.setFill(colour4)
elif i == 4:
for n in range(5):
hiMessage = drawHiMessage(3.6+widthNo*4, (0.3+(n*0.6))+height*3,\
win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
hiMessage.setFill(colour1)
vLineN.setFill(colour1)
hLineN.setFill(colour1)
def drawHiMessage(x, y, win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4):
hiMessage = Text(Point(x, y), "hi!")
hiMessage.draw(win)
hiMessage.setSize(7)
return hiMessage
def drawPatch2(win, innerNoH, height, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4):
for i in range(4):
x = (0.5+i)+innerNoH*4
for j in range(3):
y = (2.2-j)+height*3
sail = drawBoat(x, y, win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
if i == 0:
sail.setFill(colour1)
elif i == 1:
sail.setFill(colour2)
elif i ==2:
sail.setFill(colour3)
elif i == 3:
sail.setFill(colour4)
def drawBoat(x, y, win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4):
sail = Polygon(Point(x-0.5,y), Point(x,y+0.8), Point(x+0.5,y))
hull = Polygon(Point(x-0.5,y-0.1), Point(x+0.5,y-0.1), Point(x+0.3,y-0.2), \
Point(x-0.3,y-0.2))
mast = Line(Point(x,y), Point(x,y-0.1))
sail.draw(win)
hull.draw(win)
mast.draw(win)
hull.setFill("white")
return sail
main()
答案 0 :(得分：3)
您可以使用itertools.cycle重复浏览所有颜色。因此，假设您将所有补丁都放在名为patches的列表中，您可以执行以下操作
import itertools
colors = ['red','blue','green','yellow']
patches = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j']
for patch, color in itertools.izip(patches, itertools.cycle(colors)):
# color a patch
print 'Colour', patch, 'as', color
打印出来
Colour a as red
Colour b as blue
Colour c as green
Colour d as yellow
Colour e as red
Colour f as blue
Colour g as green
Colour h as yellow
Colour i as red
Colour j as blue
答案 1 :(得分：1)
我建议你这样做：
for x in range(0,maxX-1):
for y in range(0,maxY-1):
paint_patch(x,y,color((x+y)%4)
基本上这将是用不同的颜色开始每一行，循环通过它们。你也会有很好的对角线。