我正在编写一个函数来获取二叉树并以正确的顺序打印出它的值(按顺序颠倒)。我遇到的问题是,当我调用函数时,我一直得到一个非详尽的模式错误
--k is the key and d is the value
-- l is left tree and r is right tree
treeprint (Node l k d r) = treeprint l ++ show k ++ show d ++ treeprint r
treeprint Nil=""
答案 0 :(得分:6)
你似乎已经解决了你的问题,除了你需要一些括号和空格。
我假设您正在使用
data Tree k d = Nil | Node (Tree k d) k d (Tree k d)
虽然你没有说。我将定义一两个示例树:
example1, example2 :: Tree Int String
example1 = Node (Node Nil 4 "Hello" Nil) 7 "there" (Node Nil 21 "hi" Nil)
example2 = Node example1 34 "well" (Node Nil 55 "This" (Node (Node Nil 73 "one's" Nil) 102 "much" (Node Nil 132 "bigger" Nil)))
你的功能
treeprint (Node l k d r) = treeprint l ++ show k ++ show d ++ treeprint r
treeprint Nil = ""
编译好但是因为没有空格或括号,输出很混乱:
*Main> putStrLn $ treeprint example1
4"Hello"7"there"21"hi"
*Main> putStrLn $ treeprint example2
4"Hello"7"there"21"hi"34"well"55"This"73"one's"102"much"132"bigger"
它按顺序排列,但是压在一起,树结构消失了。
让我们用每个树周围的括号和空格重写它:
tree_print (Node l k d r) = " (" ++ treeprint l ++ show k ++ ":" ++ show d ++ treeprint r ++ ") "
tree_print Nil = ""
所以现在更清楚了:
*Main> putStrLn $ tree_print example1
( (4:"Hello") 7:"there" (21:"hi") )
*Main> putStrLn $ tree_print example2
( ( (4:"Hello") 7:"there" (21:"hi") ) 34:"well" (55:"This" ( (73:"one's") 102:"much" (132:"bigger") ) ) )
也许你不想要括号,因为顺序打印是为了展平树。你可以保留空格和:
,它会起作用。或者,定义
toList :: Tree k d -> [(k,d)]
toList Nil = []
toList (Node t1 k d t2) = toList t1 ++ (k,d):toList t2
这意味着您可以将Show
实例用于列表:
*Main> toList example1
[(4,"Hello"),(7,"there"),(21,"hi")]
*Main> toList example2
[(4,"Hello"),(7,"there"),(21,"hi"),(34,"well"),(55,"This"),(73,"one's"),(102,"much"),(132,"bigger")]
以下是使用pretty-tree库中的Data.Tree.Pretty
打印树的方法。
我必须做一些导入:
import qualified Data.Tree as T
import Data.Tree.Pretty
我已导入Data.Tree
限定,因为它还定义了数据构造函数Node
。这意味着当我指的是导入的树时我会使用T.Node
,但是当我指的是你的时候我只会使用Node
。
它使用玫瑰树(每个节点可以拥有尽可能多的子树):
data Tree a = Node {
rootLabel :: a, -- ^ label value
subForest :: Forest a -- ^ zero or more child trees
}
并定义我将使用的drawVerticalTree :: Tree String -> String
。
我们需要做的就是将您的树转换为此树,我们将开展业务:
toTree :: (Show k,Show d) => Tree k d -> T.Tree String
toTree Nil = T.Node "-" []
toTree (Node t1 k d t2) = T.Node (show k ++ ":" ++ show d) [toTree t1,toTree t2]
现在让我们展示(制作一个字符串)并打印(IO monad中的输出):
showtree :: (Show k, Show d) => Tree k d -> String
showtree = drawVerticalTree.toTree
printtree :: (Show k, Show d) => Tree k d -> IO ()
printtree = putStrLn.('\n':).showtree
这给出了很好的输出:
*Main> printtree example1
7:"there"
|
---------
/ \
4:"Hello" 21:"hi"
| |
-- --
/ \ / \
- - - -
使用稍微大一些的例子,相当优雅地应对:
*Main> printtree example2
34:"well"
|
------------------------
/ \
7:"there" 55:"This"
| |
--------- -------------
/ \ / \
4:"Hello" 21:"hi" - 102:"much"
| | |
-- -- ------------
/ \ / \ / \
- - - - 73:"one's" 132:"bigger"
| |
-- --
/ \ / \
- - - -