好的，我最近从Ubuntu 10.04升级到12.04
只是面临很多问题。我是新手，所以你可能需要更详细或一步一步地告诉我
我有一个完美的django项目，但现在它给了我这个错误：
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 16, in <module>
raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e) django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: libmysqlclient_r.so.16: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
或在python中：
>>> import MySQLdb
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in <module>
File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/_mysql.py", line 7, in <module>
File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/_mysql.py", line 6, in __bootstrap__
ImportError: libmysqlclient_r.so.16: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
无论如何我认为我的MySQL-python存在一些问题，所以我尝试重新安装它。
sudo pip install mysql-python
给出：
Downloading/unpacking mysql-python
Running setup.py egg_info for package mysql-python
The required version of distribute (>=0.6.28) is not available,
and can't be installed while this script is running. Please
install a more recent version first, using
'easy_install -U distribute'.
(Currently using distribute 0.6.24dev-r0 (/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages))
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
The required version of distribute (>=0.6.28) is not available,
and can't be installed while this script is running. Please
install a more recent version first, using
'easy_install -U distribute'.
(Currently using distribute 0.6.24dev-r0 (/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages))
----------------------------------------
Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 2 in /tmp/pip-build/mysql-python
Storing complete log in /home/nabeel/.pip/pip.log
如果我这样做：
sudo easy_install -U distribute
它给出了这个错误：
Searching for distribute
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/distribute/
Reading http://packages.python.org/distribute
Best match: distribute 0.6.29
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.29.tar.gz#md5=1aad767bfca8bebaccafee25f85696cf
Processing distribute-0.6.29.tar.gz
Running distribute-0.6.29/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-K8ZuMX/distribute-0.6.29/egg-dist-tmp-Fj0gj_
Before install bootstrap.
Scanning installed packages
Setuptools installation detected at /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
Egg installation
Patching...
Renaming /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg.OLD.1350776909.4
Patching complete.
Relaunching...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/easy_install", line 9, in <module>
load_entry_point('distribute==0.6.8', 'console_scripts', 'easy_install')()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.8-py2.7.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1708, in main
with_ei_usage(lambda:
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.8-py2.7.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1696, in with_ei_usage
return f()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.8-py2.7.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1712, in <lambda>
distclass=DistributionWithoutHelpCommands, **kw
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.8-py2.7.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 236, in run
self.easy_install(spec, not self.no_deps)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.8-py2.7.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 471, in easy_install
return self.install_item(spec, dist.location, tmpdir, deps)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.8-py2.7.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 501, in install_item
dists = self.install_eggs(spec, download, tmpdir)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.8-py2.7.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 680, in install_eggs
return self.build_and_install(setup_script, setup_base)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.8-py2.7.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 957, in build_and_install
self.run_setup(setup_script, setup_base, args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.8-py2.7.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 946, in run_setup
run_setup(setup_script, args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.8-py2.7.egg/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 29, in run_setup
lambda: execfile(
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.8-py2.7.egg/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 70, in run
return func()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.8-py2.7.egg/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 31, in <lambda>
{'__file__':setup_script, '__name__':'__main__'}
File "setup.py", line 131, in <module>
File "/tmp/easy_install-K8ZuMX/distribute-0.6.29/distribute_setup.py", line 368, in _before_install
File "/tmp/easy_install-K8ZuMX/distribute-0.6.29/distribute_setup.py", line 441, in _fake_setuptools
File "/tmp/easy_install-K8ZuMX/distribute-0.6.29/distribute_setup.py", line 450, in _relaunch
NameError: global name '_cmd1' is not defined
现在我再次访问此链接： http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools/0.6c11 下载并安装setuptools .. 我还从这里安装了最新的分发0.6.8： http://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute/0.6.8
我还尝试卸载以前的版本并安装回来，但它似乎不起作用。 我安装了Python 2.7.3
有人可以向我解释发生了什么......我如何安装Mysqldb ......
我也在shell上运行了这些命令：
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client python-mysqldb libmysqlclient-dev python-dev
但它没有帮助......
更新我只是认为这是错误的：
nabeel@nabeel-pc:~$ pip uninstall setuptools
Uninstalling distribute:
/usr/bin/easy_install
/usr/bin/easy_install-2.7
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.24dev_r0.egg-info
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/easy_install.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/setuptools
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/site.pyc
/usr/share/pyshared/easy_install.py
/usr/share/pyshared/pkg_resources.py
/usr/share/pyshared/site.py
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled distribute
nabeel@nabeel-pc:~$ sudo easy_install -U distribute
Searching for distribute
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/distribute/
Reading http://packages.python.org/distribute
Best match: distribute 0.6.29
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.29.tar.gz#md5=1aad767bfca8bebaccafee25f85696cf
Processing distribute-0.6.29.tar.gz
Running distribute-0.6.29/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-Xcer8d/distribute-0.6.29/egg-dist-tmp-K0E7gP
Before install bootstrap.
Scanning installed packages
Setuptools installation detected at /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
Egg installation
Already patched.
After install bootstrap.
Creating /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg-info
Creating /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools.pth
Removing distribute 0.6.8 from easy-install.pth file
Adding distribute 0.6.29 to easy-install.pth file
Installing easy_install script to /usr/local/bin
Installing easy_install-2.7 script to /usr/local/bin
Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.29-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for distribute
Finished processing dependencies for distribute
nabeel@nabeel-pc:~$ sudo pip install mysql-python
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/pip", line 5, in <module>
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
ImportError: No module named pkg_resources
更新2： 我已成功安装virtualenv 现在在环境中我也设法安装了MySQLdb。 这是我在运行服务器时遇到的错误：
sudo python manage.py syncdb
我收到此错误：
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 16, in <module>
raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: libmysqlclient_r.so.16: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
(myenv)nabeel@nabeel-pc:~/workspace/gteam/metrics$ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Oct 6 2012, 21:57:36)
[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import MySQLdb
>>> exit()
答案 0 :(得分：38)
使用virtualenv
首先要做的事情。确保你有Mysql，Setuptools和一些基本要素：
sudo apt-get install mysql-server
sudo apt-get install python-setuptools python-dev build-essential
现在安装VirtualEnv：
sudo easy_install -U virtualenv
创建虚拟环境。正如documentation所说：virtualenv is a tool to create isolated Python environments.这意味着发生冲突的可能性非常小。这里“myenv”是您可以访问您的环境的文件夹的名称，因此您可以在任意位置创建它。
virtualenv --distribute myenv
然后转到“myenv”目录并运行它以激活它：
source myenv/bin/activate
您需要安装libmysqlclient-dev才能使MySQL-python正常工作：
sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
现在您已准备好安装MySQL-python：
pip install MySQL-python
一切都应该有效。
如果您不想再在该环境中工作，请在终端中写一下：
deactivate
<强>更新：
由于这个答案不断提升，让我告诉你如何使用conda做同样的事情，这已经成为我现在最喜欢的环境。首先你必须安装anaconda（我相信你也可以安装miniconda，这是一个包含conda和一些软件包的较轻版本。）Here你会找到适用于Linux，OS X和Windows的安装程序。它是一个大文件，但包含许多可以安装的预编译包。假设您已经安装了anaconda，您只需运行：
conda create -n mysql-env python
mysql-env是环境的名称（您可以随意调用它），python是要安装的python的默认版本（目前为2.7.10）。或者，使用conda create -n my-new-env python=3.4安装其他版本的python。
然后激活您的环境：
source activate mysql-env
最后安装mysql-python：
conda install MySQL-python
（我认为conda install mysql-python也有效）
就是这样。
答案 1 :(得分：10)
easy_install -U distribute解决了我的问题
答案 2 :(得分：4)
在某些Ubuntu安装中，您还需要考虑libmysqlclient-dev：
sudo apt-get install python-dev libmysqlclient-dev
它还阻止了我。其他响应者可能已安装它并且没有意识到它是必需的。