Pandas timeseries绘制设置x轴主要和次要刻度和标签

时间:2012-10-18 01:51:09

标签: python matplotlib pandas

我希望能够为从Pandas时间序列对象绘制的时间序列图设置主要和次要xticks及其标签。

熊猫0.9“什么是新的”页面说:

  

“你可以使用to_pydatetime或注册转换器   时间戳类型“

但是我无法弄清楚如何做到这一点,以便我可以使用matplotlib ax.xaxis.set_major_locatorax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(和次要)命令。

如果我在不转换熊猫时间的情况下使用它们,则x轴刻度和标签最终会出错。

通过使用'xticks'参数,我可以将主刻度传递给pandas.plot,然后设置主刻度标签。我无法弄清楚如何使用这种方法进行次要滴答。 (我可以在pandas.plot设置的默认次要刻度上设置标签)

这是我的测试代码:

import pandas
print 'pandas.__version__ is ', pandas.__version__
print 'matplotlib.__version__ is ', matplotlib.__version__    

dStart = datetime.datetime(2011,5,1) # 1 May
dEnd = datetime.datetime(2011,7,1) # 1 July    

dateIndex = pandas.date_range(start=dStart, end=dEnd, freq='D')
print "1 May to 1 July 2011", dateIndex      

testSeries = pandas.Series(data=np.random.randn(len(dateIndex)),
                           index=dateIndex)    

ax = plt.figure(figsize=(7,4), dpi=300).add_subplot(111)
testSeries.plot(ax=ax, style='v-', label='first line')    

# using MatPlotLib date time locators and formatters doesn't work with new
# pandas datetime index
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(matplotlib.dates.WeekdayLocator(byweekday=(1),
                                                           interval=1))
ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(matplotlib.dates.DateFormatter('%d\n%a'))
ax.xaxis.grid(True, which="minor")
ax.xaxis.grid(False, which="major")
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(matplotlib.dates.DateFormatter('\n\n\n%b%Y'))
plt.show()    

# set the major xticks and labels through pandas
ax2 = plt.figure(figsize=(7,4), dpi=300).add_subplot(111)
xticks = pandas.date_range(start=dStart, end=dEnd, freq='W-Tue')
print "xticks: ", xticks
testSeries.plot(ax=ax2, style='-v', label='second line',
                xticks=xticks.to_pydatetime())
ax2.set_xticklabels([x.strftime('%a\n%d\n%h\n%Y') for x in xticks]);
# set the text of the first few minor ticks created by pandas.plot
#    ax2.set_xticklabels(['a','b','c','d','e'], minor=True)
# remove the minor xtick labels set by pandas.plot 
ax2.set_xticklabels([], minor=True)
# turn the minor ticks created by pandas.plot off 
# plt.minorticks_off()
plt.show()
print testSeries['6/4/2011':'6/7/2011']

及其输出:

pandas.__version__ is  0.9.1.dev-3de54ae
matplotlib.__version__ is  1.1.1
1 May to 1 July 2011 <class 'pandas.tseries.index.DatetimeIndex'>
[2011-05-01 00:00:00, ..., 2011-07-01 00:00:00]
Length: 62, Freq: D, Timezone: None

Graph with strange dates on xaxis

xticks:  <class 'pandas.tseries.index.DatetimeIndex'>
[2011-05-03 00:00:00, ..., 2011-06-28 00:00:00]
Length: 9, Freq: W-TUE, Timezone: None

Graph with correct dates

2011-06-04   -0.199393
2011-06-05   -0.043118
2011-06-06    0.477771
2011-06-07   -0.033207
Freq: D

更新:通过使用循环构建主要的xtick标签,我已经能够更接近我想要的布局:

# only show month for first label in month
month = dStart.month - 1
xticklabels = []
for x in xticks:
    if  month != x.month :
        xticklabels.append(x.strftime('%d\n%a\n%h'))
        month = x.month
    else:
        xticklabels.append(x.strftime('%d\n%a'))

然而,这有点像使用ax.annotate做x轴:可能但不理想。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:82)

pandasmatplotlib.dates都使用matplotlib.units来定位刻度线。

虽然matplotlib.dates有方便的方法来手动设置滴答,但是到目前为止,pandas似乎一直关注自动格式化(您可以查看code日期转换和大熊猫格式化)。

所以目前使用matplotlib.dates似乎更合理(正如@BrenBarn在评论中提到的那样)。

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import matplotlib.dates as dates

idx = pd.date_range('2011-05-01', '2011-07-01')
s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(len(idx)), index=idx)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot_date(idx.to_pydatetime(), s, 'v-')
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(dates.WeekdayLocator(byweekday=(1),
                                                interval=1))
ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(dates.DateFormatter('%d\n%a'))
ax.xaxis.grid(True, which="minor")
ax.yaxis.grid()
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(dates.MonthLocator())
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(dates.DateFormatter('\n\n\n%b\n%Y'))
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

pandas_like_date_fomatting

(我的语言环境是德语,所以星期二[星期二]成为Dienstag [Di])