我是Yii的初学者,并且遇到了一堵墙,希望有人能够帮助我回到正轨。我认为对于经验丰富的Yii用户来说这可能是一个相当直接的问题。所以这里......
在控制器中,假设我对模型运行以下调用 -
$variable = Post::model()->findAll();
一切正常,我将变量传递给视图。这是我陷入困境的地方。在上面的查询中返回的数组比我预期的要复杂得多,我正在努力理解它。这是一个样本 -
print_r($variable);
给出 -
Array ( [0] => Post Object ( [_md:CActiveRecord:private] => CActiveRecordMetaData Object ( [tableSchema] => CMysqlTableSchema Object ( [schemaName] => [name] => tbl_post [rawName] => `tbl_post` [primaryKey] => id [sequenceName] => [foreignKeys] => Array ( ) [columns] => Array ( [id] => CMysqlColumnSchema Object ( [name] => id [rawName] => `id` [allowNull] => [dbType] => int(11) [type] => integer [defaultValue] => [size] => 11 [precision] => 11 [scale] => [isPrimaryKey] => 1 [isForeignKey] => [autoIncrement] => 1 [_e:CComponent:private] => [_m:CComponent:private] => ) [post] => CMysqlColumnSchema Object ( [name] => post [rawName] => `post` [allowNull] => [dbType] => text [type] => string [defaultValue] => [size] => [precision] => [scale] => [isPrimaryKey] => [isForeignKey] => [autoIncrement] => [_e:CComponent:private] => [_m:CComponent:private] => ) ) [_e:CComponent:private] => [_m:CComponent:private] => ) [columns] => Array ( [id] => CMysqlColumnSchema Object ( [name] => id [rawName] => `id` [allowNull] => [dbType] => int(11) [type] => integer [defaultValue] => [size] => 11 [precision] => 11 [scale] => [isPrimaryKey] => 1 [isForeignKey] => [autoIncrement] => 1 [_e:CComponent:private] => [_m:CComponent:private] => ) [post] => CMysqlColumnSchema Object ( [name] => post [rawName] => `post` [allowNull] => [dbType] => text [type] => string [defaultValue] => [size] => [precision] => [scale] => [isPrimaryKey] => [isForeignKey] => [autoIncrement] => [_e:CComponent:private] => [_m:CComponent:private] => ) ) [relations] => Array ( [responses] => CHasManyRelation Object ( [limit] => -1 [offset] => -1 [index] => [through] => [joinType] => LEFT OUTER JOIN [on] => [alias] => [with] => Array ( ) [together] => [scopes] => [name] => responses [className] => Response [foreignKey] => post_id [select] => * [condition] => [params] => Array ( ) [group] => [join] => [having] => [order] => [_e:CComponent:private] => [_m:CComponent:private] => ) ) [attributeDefaults] => Array ( ) [_model:CActiveRecordMetaData:private] => Post Object ( [_md:CActiveRecord:private] => CActiveRecordMetaData Object *RECURSION* [_new:CActiveRecord:private] => [_attributes:CActiveRecord:private] => Array ( ) [_related:CActiveRecord:private] => Array ( ) [_c:CActiveRecord:private] => [_pk:CActiveRecord:private] => [_alias:CActiveRecord:private] => t [_errors:CModel:private] => Array ( ) [_validators:CModel:private] => [_scenario:CModel:private] => [_e:CComponent:private] => [_m:CComponent:private] => ) ) [_new:CActiveRecord:private] => [_attributes:CActiveRecord:private] => Array ( [id] => 1 [post] => User Post ) [_related:CActiveRecord:private] => Array ( ) [_c:CActiveRecord:private] => [_pk:CActiveRecord:private] => 1 [_alias:CActiveRecord:private] => t [_errors:CModel:private] => Array ( ) [_validators:CModel:private] => [_scenario:CModel:private] => update [_e:CComponent:private] => [_m:CComponent:private] => ) )
[对不起,如果有更简单的方法来显示这个数组,我不知道它]
有人可以向我解释为什么模型会返回如此复杂的数组吗?在您的应用程序中使用哪些表或列或关系似乎并不重要,在我看来它们都会返回此格式。
此外,有人可以向我解释结构,以便我可以隔离我想要恢复的变量吗?
非常感谢,
尼克
答案 0 :(得分:21)
要在yii中获得更好的print_r
输出,您可以使用CVarDumper类“dump()
或dumpAsString()
方法。它们还提供了一个参数$highlight
,它可以帮助您理解输出,通过正确格式化输出,并为其添加缩进。例如:
CVarDumper::dump($variables,10,true);
// 10 is the default depth, and passing true will enable highlighting
正如其他答案中已经提到的,findAll()
会返回 CActiveRecord对象的数组,因此$variables
是一个对象数组,$variables[0]
是第一个发布对象。 Yii的CActiveRecord有许多属性作为对象,例如CActiveRecordMetaData对象,后者又有一个CDbTableSchema对象(你有它的子类CMysqlTableSchema,这意味着你使用的是mysql)。 print_r
只是打印出这些对象,这些对象只是主要CActiveRecord对象的属性。除了这些对象之外,CActiveRecord的attributes
属性(它是一个数组)保存了您的实际属性值,因此在输出中的某个位置您还会看到如下数组:
[CActiveRecord:_attributes] => array
(
'attributeName' => 'attributeValue'
'anotherAttributeName' => 'anotherAttributeValue'
'someAttributeName' => 'someAttributeValue'
...
)
这些是您的属性值。
要访问模型的属性,我们可以同时使用对象属性访问和关联数组访问(可能是因为CActiveRecord的父类CModel实现了php的ArrayAccess interface)。例如:
$variables[0]->attributeName;
$variables[0]['attributeName'];
由于yii使用并覆盖了__get php magic方法,我们可以这样做:
$variables[0]->attributeName;
// instead of
$variables[0]->attributes['attributeName'];
当然,您可以使用foreach()
迭代Post对象数组,如下面的另一个答案所示:
foreach($variables as $aPost){
echo $aPost->attributeName;
echo $aPost['attributeName'];
echo $aPost->attributes['attributeName'];
}
要访问关系,只需使用关系名称:
$variables[0]->relationName->attributeOfRelatedTable;
$variables[0]['relationName']->attributeOfRelatedTable;
$variables[0]['relationName']['attributeOfRelatedTable'];
如果您的关系是HAS_MANY,那么相关模型当然也将作为数组返回:
$variables[0]->relationName[0]->attributeOfRelatedTable;
$variables[0]['relationName'][0]->attributeOfRelatedTable;
$variables[0]['relationName'][0]['attributeOfRelatedTable'];
$variables[0]->relationName[0]['attributeOfRelatedTable'];
再次,您可以迭代HAS_MANY关系的关系数组。
编辑:has_many迭代的示例:
foreach($variables as $aPost) { // get each post one by one
echo $aPost->someAttribute; // or $aPost['someAttribute']
foreach($aPost->relationName as $aComment) { // say we get each comment of each post
// or could have done $aPost['relationName'] as $aComment
echo $aComment->commentAttribute; // or $aComment['commentAttribute']
}
}
答案 1 :(得分:2)
findall返回模型see here
的活动记录数组如果有,您可以访问返回的每条记录中的所有列
$results = Post::model()->findAll();
foreach($results AS $model)
{
echo $model->somecolumnname;
echo $model->someothercolumnname;
}
所以你不必过多关注自己的所有细节,因为你可以直接使用抽象。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
对此的一个简单回答是使用,
print_r($variable->attributes);
其中$variable
是Model Class的对象。