如何在C程序中通过串口终端读取二进制数据?

时间:2012-09-15 13:01:45

标签: serial-port embedded-linux binary-data termios

我阅读了以下链接和其他来源,但没有找到我的问题的答案。

Binary data over serial terminal

Data gets corrupted during transmission over the serial port

我通过串口与嵌入式设备通信。默认情况下,嵌入式Linux使用此端口作为终端。但我想通过端口传输二进制数据(服务数据包)。我的/ etc / inittab文件有一个“getty”调用: console :: respawn:/ sbin / getty 115200 ttyS0

我还有/ etc / passwd文件,其中“admin”用户在登录后启动我的“cli”应用程序: 管理:8MT / Jtxcyg8AY:1000:0:管理员:/ TMP:/ TMP / CLI

运行程序前我的默认ttyS0设置是:

~ # stty -a
speed 115200 baud;stty: standard input
 line = 0;
intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = ^J;
eol2 = <undef>; swtch = <undef>; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R;
werase = ^W; lnext = ^V; flush = ^O; min = 1; time = 0;
-parenb -parodd cs8 hupcl -cstopb cread -clocal -crtscts
-ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr icrnl ixon ixoff
-iuclc -ixany -imaxbel -iutf8
opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0
isig icanon -iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt
-echoctl echoke
~ #

所以,在我的cli程序中,我做了以下几点:

main ()
{
    ...
    system("stty erase ^H);
    system("stty -F /dev/ttyS0 -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -opost -isig -icanon -echo");    // enter in non-canonical (raw) mode

    // What function do I need to use here to retrieve binary data (also symbols that > 0x7F) from /dev/ttyS0?

    system("stty -F /dev/ttyS0 icrnl ixon ixoff opost isig icanon echo");   // go back to canonical mode

    ...

    exit(0);
}

我尝试使用read()函数(使用unsigned char缓冲区)来获取二进制数据,但无法接收正确的数据。我还初步打开/ dev / ttyS0以获取file_descriptor&amp;使用read()函数。

我的程序发送3个字节:0xAA,0x02,0xFE。 但在syslog中,我总是看到设备收到错误的符号:0x98,0xE6,0x18。

怎么回事?如何获得正确的二进制数据?

我目前正在测试的完整代码。

#include "cli.h"
#include "glb_vars.h"

/******************************************
 *** Definitions
 ******************************************/
#define APPLICATION_NAME    "cli"
#define SERIALPORT_IS_CONSOLE

/******************************************
 *** Constants
 ******************************************/
const char dev_name[] = DEV_NAME;
const char lineminstr[] = "\t--------------------------------------------------------\n";

/******************************************
 *** Internal Function Declarations
 ******************************************/
CLI_RETVAL cliInit(void);
CLI_RETVAL cliClose(void);
void cliWorkLoop(Term_callback_t **term);

/******************************************
 *** External Function Declarations
 ******************************************/
extern void Vectors_init(Term_callback_t **vec);
extern char** Menu_completion(const char * text, int start, int end);


/****************************************************************************/
int file_descr, max_fd;
struct termios tty, orig_tty;
fd_set work_set;

/****************************************************************************/
/*!
 *  \brief  Init cli
 *
 *  \return  success or failure
 *  \retval  CLI_SUCCESS, CLI_FAILURE
 *
 *  \ingroup CLI
 */
/****************************************************************************/
CLI_RETVAL cliInit(void)
{
    long spd;

    signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
    signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
    signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN);
    signal(SIGABRT, SIG_IGN);
    signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
    signal(SIGILL, SIG_IGN);

//  system("stty -F /dev/ttyS0 -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -opost -isig -icanon -echo");    // enter in non-canonical mode
//  system("stty -a");
//  sleep(1);

#ifdef SERIALPORT_IS_CONSOLE
    file_descr = STDIN_FILENO;
    SYS_LOG_DEBUG("SERIALPORT IS CONSOLE");
#else
    SYS_LOG_DEBUG("SERIALPORT IS NOT CONSOLE");
    file_descr = open("/dev/ttyS0", O_RDWR | O_ASYNC | O_NDELAY);
    if (file_descr == -1) {
        // Could not open the port
        perror("unable to open /dev/ttyS0");
        exit(1);
    }
#endif

    if(tcgetattr(file_descr, &tty) < 0)
    {
        perror("unable to get tty attributes");
        exit(1);
    }
    // backup tty, make it raw and apply changes
    orig_tty = tty;

    spd = B115200;
    cfsetospeed(&tty, (speed_t)spd);
    cfsetispeed(&tty, (speed_t)spd);

    cfmakeraw(&tty);

    tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
    tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 10;

    tty.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;
    tty.c_cflag &= ~CRTSCTS;    /* no HW flow control? */
    tty.c_cflag |= CLOCAL | CREAD;
    tcsetattr(file_descr, TCSANOW, &tty);

//  // update local mode flags
//  tty.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ECHO | ECHOE | ISIG);
////    // renew control mode flags
////    tty.c_cflag &= ~(CBAUD | CSIZE | CSTOPB | PARENB | PARODD);
////    tty.c_cflag |= (BAUD | DATABITS | STOPBITS | PARITYON | PARITY);
//  // select 'raw' output mode
//  tty.c_oflag &= ~OPOST;
//  // disable mapping for input mode
//  tty.c_iflag &= ~(INLCR | ICRNL);
//
//
//  if(tcsetattr(file_descr, TCSAFLUSH, &tty) < 0)
//  {
//      perror("unable to set tty attributes");
//      exit(1);
//  }
//
    // Setup fd_set
    FD_ZERO(&work_set);
    FD_SET(file_descr, &work_set);
    max_fd = file_descr + 1;

    /* Readline lib init */
    // Define application name for readline library
    rl_readline_name = APPLICATION_NAME;
    // Update Pointer to alternative function to create matches.
    rl_attempted_completion_function = Menu_completion;
    // Start readline with reading /etc/inputrc file
    using_history();
    stifle_history(CLI_MAX_HISTORY_SIZE);


    // Some other initialization code
    // ...
    // ...

    return CLI_SUCCESS;
}

/****************************************************************************/
/*!
 *  \brief  Close cli
 *
 *  \return  success or failure
 *  \retval  CLI_SUCCESS, CLI_FAILURE
 *
 *  \ingroup CLI
 */
/****************************************************************************/
CLI_RETVAL cliClose(void)
{

//  system("stty -F /dev/ttyS0 icrnl ixon ixoff opost isig icanon echo");   // enter in canonical mode

    tcsetattr(file_descr, TCSANOW, &orig_tty);
//  if(tcsetattr(file_descr, TCSAFLUSH, &orig_tty) < 0)
//  {
//      perror("unable to set orig_tty attributes");
//      exit(1);
//  }
    close(file_descr);

    return CLI_SUCCESS;
}


/****************************************************************************/
/*!
 *  \brief  Main cli processing loop
 *
 *  \no return
 *
 *  \ingroup CLI
 */
/****************************************************************************/
void cliWorkLoop(Term_callback_t **term)
{
    Term_callback_t *cur_term;
    int8 *commandString;
    uint8 ret = CLI_REFRESH, no_prompt;

    char prompt_str[20];

    while (1) {

        cur_term = *term;
        global_cmd_compl_pointer = cur_term->cmd_list;

        commandString = NULL;
        sprintf(prompt_str, "%s:~> ", dev_name);

        if(ret == CLI_REFRESH) {
            CLEAR_SCR();
            if(cur_term->out != NULL) {
                cur_term->out(term, commandString, &ret);
                no_prompt = ret;
            }
            CURSOR_DOWN();
        }

        int n;
        struct timeval timeout;
        uint8 tmpBuf[32];

        while (1)
        {
            // Setup Timeout
            timeout.tv_sec = 60;
            timeout.tv_usec = 0;
            // Wait for new connections
            n = select(max_fd, &work_set, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
            if (n < 0)
            {
                perror("select #2 failed");
                break;
            }
            if (n > 0)
            {
                /* У нас есть ввод */
                if (FD_ISSET(file_descr, &work_set))
                {
                    if (read(file_descr, tmpBuf, 10) < 0) {
                        perror("cannot read");
                        exit(1);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        SYS_LOG_DEBUG("READ first 4 chars: 0x%X,0x%X,0x%X,0x%X", tmpBuf[0], tmpBuf[1], tmpBuf[2], tmpBuf[3]);
                    }
                }
                break;
            }
        }
//
//
//      n = read(file_descr, tmpBuf, 5);
//      if (n > 0) {
//          unsigned char   *p = tmpBuf;
//
//          while (n-- > 0)
//              printf(" 0x%x", *p++);
//          printf("\r\n");
//      } else {
//          printf("failed to read: %d\r\n", n);
//      }
//
//
        exit(0);
    }

    CLEAR_SCR();
    return;
}


/****************************************************************************/
/*!
 *  \brief Main cli function
 *
 *  \param[in]      argc - argument number.
 *  \param[in,out]  argv - argument values entered by user.
 *
 *  \return  success or failure
 *  \retval  EXIT_SUCCESS, EXIT_FAILURE
 *
 *
 *  \ingroup CLI
 */
/****************************************************************************/
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    Term_callback_t *term;
    char logname[16];
    FILE *fp;


    /* Set mask for file operation */
    umask(0);

    system("stty erase ^H");
    openlog("cli", LOG_CONS, LOG_USER);

    /* Write cli start log */
    syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "Console startup. Software version: %s", VERSION);
    /* Find login name */
    strcpy(logname, "noname");
    if ((fp = popen( "whoami", "r" )) == NULL)
    {
        SYS_LOG_ERR("Can't open process for \"whoami\" command.");
    } else
    {
        fgets(logname, 16, fp);
        pclose(fp);
    }
    SYS_LOG_INFO("Console is entered by \"%s\".", logname); //getenv("USER")

    /* Console initialization */
    if (cliInit() != CLI_SUCCESS) {
        SYS_LOG_CRIT("CLI init failed");
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    Vectors_init(&term);

    /* Console work loop */
    cliWorkLoop(&term);
    cliClose();

    /* Exiting from cli */
    SYS_LOG_INFO("\"%s\" exited from console.", logname);

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:10)

system("stty erase ^H);
system("stty -F /dev/ttyS0 -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -opost -isig -icanon -echo");    // enter into non-canonical (raw) mode

将串口转换为原始模式或非规范模式,这将是代码不足(以及每个POSIX约定的编码实践不佳)。
C和Linux中最简单的方法是使用GNU libc和uClibc库中都可用的函数cfmakeraw()。使用手册页获取由cfmakeraw()修改的 termios 结构成员的详细信息。
请注意cfmakeraw()将以原始模式设置串行端口,数据长度为8位,奇偶校验,总字符帧为10位(假设一个停止位)。

首选方法是保留 termios 结构的副本(用于程序退出时的恢复)并仅修改所需的标志位(而不是编写完整的结构成员)。

REVISION

适用于我的ARM SoC的代码是:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/syslog.h>
#include <termios.h>

#define SERIALPORT_IS_CONSOLE

main()
{
    struct termios  tty;
    struct termios  savetty;
    speed_t     spd;
    unsigned int    sfd;
    unsigned char   buf[80];
    int     reqlen = 79;
    int     rc;
    int     rdlen;
    int     pau = 0;

#ifdef SERIALPORT_IS_CONSOLE
    sfd = STDIN_FILENO;
#else
    sfd = open("/dev/ttyS1", O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY);
#endif
    if (sfd < 0) {
        syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "failed to open: %d, %s", sfd, strerror(errno));
        exit (-1);
    }
    syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "opened sfd=%d for reading", sfd);

    rc = tcgetattr(sfd, &tty);
    if (rc < 0) {
        syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "failed to get attr: %d, %s", rc, strerror(errno));
        exit (-2);
    }
    savetty = tty;    /* preserve original settings for restoration */

    spd = B115200;
    cfsetospeed(&tty, (speed_t)spd);
    cfsetispeed(&tty, (speed_t)spd);

    cfmakeraw(&tty);

    tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
    tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 10;

    tty.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;
    tty.c_cflag &= ~CRTSCTS;    /* no HW flow control? */
    tty.c_cflag |= CLOCAL | CREAD;
    rc = tcsetattr(sfd, TCSANOW, &tty);
    if (rc < 0) {
        syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "failed to set attr: %d, %s", rc, strerror(errno));
        exit (-3);
    }

    do {
        unsigned char   *p = buf;

        rdlen = read(sfd, buf, reqlen);
        if (rdlen > 0) {
            if (*p == '\r')
                pau = 1;
            syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "read: %d, 0x%x 0x%x 0x%x", \
                     rdlen, *p, *(p + 1), *(p + 2));
        } else {
            syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "failed to read: %d, %s", rdlen, strerror(errno));
        }
    } while (!pau);

    tcsetattr(sfd, TCSANOW, &savetty);
    close(sfd);
    exit (0);
}

已编译的程序已加载&amp;在目标板上执行。

从串行通信链接的主机端,发送包含以下内容的文件seq.bin

$ od -t x1 seq.bin
0000000 aa 02 fe
0000003

然后在主机(运行minicom终端仿真器程序)上键入“ABC”,然后回车。 程序终止于目标,然后检查syslog:

# tail /var/log/messages                                                        
Sep xx xx:xx:42 atmel_soc user.info kernel: EXT3 FS on nvsram, internal journal 
Sep xx xx:xx:42 atmel_soc user.info kernel: EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with or.
Sep xx xx:xx:42 atmel_soc user.info kernel: kjournald starting.  Commit intervas
Sep xx xx:xx:18 atmel_soc auth.info login[431]: root login on 'ttyS0'           
Sep xx xx:xx:04 atmel_soc user.debug syslog: opened sfd=0 for reading           
Sep xx xx:xx:14 atmel_soc user.debug syslog: read: 3, 0xaa 0x2 0xfe             
Sep xx xx:xx:50 atmel_soc user.debug syslog: read: 1, 0x41 0x2 0xfe              
Sep xx xx:xx:51 atmel_soc user.debug syslog: read: 1, 0x42 0x2 0xfe              
Sep xx xx:xx:51 atmel_soc user.debug syslog: read: 1, 0x43 0x2 0xfe              
Sep xx xx:xx:52 atmel_soc user.debug syslog: read: 1, 0xd 0x2 0xfe              
# 

二进制数据已完整收到。

请注意,由于这是原始模式并且输入的类型字符相对较慢,因此read()返回“部分”数据,用户程序将负责将数据缓冲/组装成完整的“消息”。如果消息具有固定长度,则c_cc[VMIN]成员可以设置为消息长度。但是,当帧同步丢失时,请注意消息帧的问题和复杂性!