在Haskell中存储多态回调

时间:2012-08-20 20:16:24

标签: haskell callback monads polymorphism

提前抱歉这篇长篇文章。

我在Haskell中编写了一个事件驱动的应用程序,因此我需要存储几个回调函数以供进一步使用。我希望这样的回调是:

  • 丰富:使用ReaderTErrorTStateT而非裸IO s;
  • 多态:类型为(MonadIO m, MonadReader MyContext m, MonadState MyState m, MonadError MyError m) => m (),而不是ReaderT MyContext (StateT MyState (ErrorT MyError IO)))

为了简单起见,让我们忘记StateError图层。

我开始编写所有回调记录,存储在MyContext内,如:

    data MyContext = MyContext { _callbacks :: Callbacks {- etc -} }

    -- In this example, 2 callbacks only
    data Callbacks = Callbacks {
        _callback1 :: IORef (m ()),
        _callback2 :: IORef (m ())}

主要问题是:在哪里放置m的类型类约束?我尝试了以下内容,但没有编译:

  • 我以为我可以使用Callbacks参数化m,例如:

    data (MonadIO m, MonadReader (MyContext m) m) => Callbacks m = Callbacks {
       _callback1 :: IORef (m ()),
       _callback2 :: IORef (m ())}
    

    由于CallbacksMyContext的一部分,后者也必须进行参数化,并导致无限类型问题(MonadReader (MyContext m) m)。

  • 然后我考虑使用存在量词

    data Callbacks = forall m . (MonadIO m, MonadReader MyContext m) => Callbacks {
       _callback1 :: IORef (m ()),
       _callback2 :: IORef (m ())}
    

    在我编写在Callbacks中注册新回调的实际代码之前,似乎工作正常:

    register :: (MonadIO m, MonadReader MyContext m) => m () -> m ()
    register f = do
      (Callbacks { _callback1 = ref1 }) <- asks _callbacks -- Note the necessary use of pattern matching
      liftIO $ modifyIORef ref1 (const f)
    

    但是我收到了以下错误(在此简化):

    Could not deduce (m ~ m1)
      from the context (MonadIO m, MonadReader MyContext m)
        bound by the type signature for
             register :: (MonadIO m, MonadReader MyContext m) => m () -> m ()
      or from (MonadIO m1, MonadReader MyContext m1)
        bound by a pattern with constructor
             Callbacks :: forall (m :: * -> *).
                       (MonadIO m, MonadReader MyContext m) =>
                       IORef (m ())
                       -> IORef (m ())
                       -> Callbacks,
      Expected type: m1 ()
      Actual type: m ()
    

    我无法找到解决方法。

如果有人能够启发我,我将非常感激。什么是 设计这个的好方法,如果有的话?

提前感谢您的意见。

[编辑] 据我所知ysdx的答案,我尝试使用m参数化我的数据类型而不强加任何类型类约束,但后来我无法生成{ {1}} Callbacks的一个实例;写这样的东西:

Data.Default

...导致GHC抱怨:

instance (MonadIO m, MonadReader (MyContext m) m) => Default (Callbacks m) where
  def = Callbacks {
    _callback1 = {- something that makes explicit use of the Reader layer -},
    _callback2 = return ()}

它建议使用UndecidableInstances,但我听说这是一件非常糟糕的事情,虽然我不知道为什么。这是否意味着我必须放弃使用Variable occurs more often in a constraint than in the instance head in the constraint: MonadReader (MyContext m) m

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

简单的适应(使事情编译):

data MyContext m = MyContext { _callbacks :: Callbacks m }

data Callbacks m = Callbacks {
  _callback1 :: IORef (m ()),
  _callback2 :: IORef (m ())}

-- Needs FlexibleContexts:
register :: (MonadIO m, MonadReader (MyContext m) m) => m () -> m ()
register f = do
  (Callbacks { _callback1 = ref1 }) <- asks _callbacks
  liftIO $ modifyIORef ref1 (const f)

但是需要-XFlexibleContexts。

你真的需要IORef吗?为什么不使用简单的状态monad?

import Control.Monad.State
import Control.Monad.Reader.Class
import Control.Monad.Trans

data Callbacks m = Callbacks {
  _callback1 :: m (),
  _callback2 :: m ()
  }

-- Create a "new" MonadTransformer layer (specialization of StateT):

class Monad m => MonadCallback m where
  getCallbacks :: m (Callbacks m)
  setCallbacks :: Callbacks m -> m ()

newtype CallbackT m a = CallbackT (StateT (Callbacks (CallbackT m) ) m a)

unwrap (CallbackT x) = x

instance Monad m => Monad (CallbackT m) where
  CallbackT x >>= f = CallbackT (x >>= f')
    where f' x = unwrap $ f x
  return a =  CallbackT $ return a
instance Monad m => MonadCallback (CallbackT m) where
  getCallbacks = CallbackT $ get
  setCallbacks c = CallbackT $ put c
instance MonadIO m => MonadIO (CallbackT m) where
  liftIO m = CallbackT $ liftIO m
instance MonadTrans (CallbackT) where
  lift m = CallbackT $ lift m
-- TODO, add other instances

-- Helpers:

getCallback1 = do
  c <- getCallbacks
  return $ _callback1 c

-- This is you "register" function:
setCallback1 :: (Monad m, MonadCallback m) => m () -> m ()
setCallback1 f = do
  callbacks <- getCallbacks
  setCallbacks $ callbacks { _callback1 = f }   

-- Test:

test :: CallbackT IO ()
test = do
  c <- getCallbacks
  _callback1 c
  _callback2 c

main = runCallbackT test s
  where s = Callbacks { _callback1 = lift $ print "a" (), _callback2 = lift $ print "b" }

即使没有MonadIO,此代码也能正常运行。

定义“默认”似乎工作正常:

instance (MonadIO m, MonadCallback m) => Default (Callbacks m) where
def = Callbacks {
  _callback1 = getCallbacks >>= \c -> setCallbacks $ c { _callback2 = _callback1 c },
  _callback2 = return ()}