终止在Golang中使用os / exec启动的进程

时间:2012-08-09 15:14:15

标签: go

有没有办法终止在Golang中使用os.exec启动的进程?例如(来自http://golang.org/pkg/os/exec/#example_Cmd_Start),

cmd := exec.Command("sleep", "5")
err := cmd.Start()
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}
log.Printf("Waiting for command to finish...")
err = cmd.Wait()
log.Printf("Command finished with error: %v", err)

有没有办法提前终止该过程,可能是在3秒后?

提前致谢

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:110)

终止正在运行的exec.Process

// Start a process:
cmd := exec.Command("sleep", "5")
if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}

// Kill it:
if err := cmd.Process.Kill(); err != nil {
    log.Fatal("failed to kill process: ", err)
}

超时后终止正在运行的exec.Process

// Start a process:
cmd := exec.Command("sleep", "5")
if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}

// Wait for the process to finish or kill it after a timeout (whichever happens first):
done := make(chan error, 1)
go func() {
    done <- cmd.Wait()
}()
select {
case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
    if err := cmd.Process.Kill(); err != nil {
        log.Fatal("failed to kill process: ", err)
    }
    log.Println("process killed as timeout reached")
case err := <-done:
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("process finished with error = %v", err)
    }
    log.Print("process finished successfully")
}

进程结束并通过done收到错误(如果有)或3秒钟已经过去,程序在完成之前被终止。

答案 1 :(得分:7)

没有选择和频道的简单版本。

func main() {
    cmd := exec.Command("cat", "/dev/urandom")
    cmd.Start()
    timer := time.AfterFunc(1*time.Second, func() {
        err := cmd.Process.Kill()
        if err != nil {
            panic(err) // panic as can't kill a process.
        }
    })
    err := cmd.Wait()
    timer.Stop()

    // read error from here, you will notice the kill from the 
    fmt.Println(err)
}
  

嗯,在咨询了一些经验丰富的程序员之后,这显然不是一个足以解决问题的方法。所以请参考接受的答案。


这是一个更短的版本,非常直接。但是,如果超时很长,可能会有大量悬挂的goroutine。

func main() {
    cmd := exec.Command("cat", "/dev/urandom")
    cmd.Start()
    go func(){
        time.Sleep(timeout)
        cmd.Process.Kill()
    }()
    return cmd.Wait()
}

答案 2 :(得分:3)

关于调用Kill()的其他答案是正确的,但是有关超时后终止进程的部分现在已经过时了。

现在可以使用context软件包和exec.CommandContext(此示例改编自文档中的示例)来完成:

func main() {
    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
    defer cancel()

    if err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "sleep", "5").Run(); err != nil {
        // This will fail after 100 milliseconds. The 5 second sleep
        // will be interrupted.
    }
}

从文档中

  

如果上下文在命令自行完成之前完成,则提供的上下文用于终止进程(通过调用os.Process.Kill)。

Run()完成后,您可以检查ctx.Err()。如果已达到超时,则返回的错误类型将为DeadLineExceeded。如果是nil,请检查err返回的Run(),以查看命令是否已正确完成。

答案 3 :(得分:1)

虽然 df['Value2'] = df['Value'].str.extract(r'(\d+%?)$', expand=False) 非常方便并且在大多数情况下工作正常,但我遇到了一些问题,该进程的子进程保持存活 - 导致 exec.CommandContext 挂起。

如果有人遇到类似的情况,我是这样解决问题的。

  1. 在使用 cmd.Wait() 启动命令之前请求创建进程组
  2. 启动将在超时时终止进程组的 go 例程

简单示例(为了可读性):

Setpgid

一个更好的例子:

cmd := exec.Command("sleep", "5")

// Request the OS to assign process group to the new process, to which all its children will belong
cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}

go func() {
    time.Sleep(time.Second)
    // Send kill signal to the process group instead of single process (it gets the same value as the PID, only negative)
    syscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL) 
}

err := cmd.Run()
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}
log.Printf("Command finished successfully")

附言为简洁起见,我将 // Create a context with timeout, which will close ctx.Done() channel upon timeout ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second) defer cancel() // Make sure the context is canceled, which will close ctx.Done() channel on function exit cmd := exec.Command("sleep", "5") // Request the OS to assign process group to the new process, to which all its children will belong cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true} go func() { // Wait until timeout or deferred cancellation <- ctx.Done() // Send kill signal to the process group instead of single process (it gets the same value as the PID, only negative) _ = syscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL) }() err := cmd.Run() if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } log.Printf("Command finished successfully") + cmd.Start 替换为 cmd.Wait