我正在尝试使用struct.unpack()
拆分以ASCII字符串结尾的数据记录。
记录(恰好是TomTom ov2记录)具有这种格式(存储的小端):
unpack()
要求字符串的长度包含在您传递的格式中。我可以使用第二个字段和记录其余部分的已知大小--13个字节 - 来获取字符串长度:
str_len = struct.unpack("<xi", record[:5])[0] - 13
fmt = "<biii{0}s".format(str_len)
然后继续完全解包,但由于该字符串是空终止的,我真的希望unpack()
能为我做这件事。如果我遇到一个不包含自己大小的结构,我也很高兴。
我怎样才能实现这一目标?
答案 0 :(得分:7)
我制作了两个新功能,可用作标准包和解包功能的直接替换。它们都支持'z'字符来打包/解包ASCIIZ字符串。格式字符串中“z”字符的出现位置或出现次数没有限制:
import struct
def unpack (format, buffer) :
while True :
pos = format.find ('z')
if pos < 0 :
break
asciiz_start = struct.calcsize (format[:pos])
asciiz_len = buffer[asciiz_start:].find('\0')
format = '%s%dsx%s' % (format[:pos], asciiz_len, format[pos+1:])
return struct.unpack (format, buffer)
def pack (format, *args) :
new_format = ''
arg_number = 0
for c in format :
if c == 'z' :
new_format += '%ds' % (len(args[arg_number])+1)
arg_number += 1
else :
new_format += c
if c in 'cbB?hHiIlLqQfdspP' :
arg_number += 1
return struct.pack (new_format, *args)
以下是如何使用它们的示例:
>>> from struct_z import pack, unpack
>>> line = pack ('<izizi', 1, 'Hello', 2, ' world!', 3)
>>> print line.encode('hex')
0100000048656c6c6f000200000020776f726c64210003000000
>>> print unpack ('<izizi',line)
(1, 'Hello', 2, ' world!', 3)
>>>
答案 1 :(得分:5)
实际上,无大小记录非常容易处理,因为struct.calcsize()
会告诉您它所期望的长度。您可以使用该数据和实际的数据长度来构造包含正确字符串长度的unpack()
的新格式字符串。
这个函数只是unpack()
的包装器,允许最后一个位置的新格式字符将丢弃终端NUL:
import struct
def unpack_with_final_asciiz(fmt, dat):
"""
Unpack binary data, handling a null-terminated string at the end
(and only at the end) automatically.
The first argument, fmt, is a struct.unpack() format string with the
following modfications:
If fmt's last character is 'z', the returned string will drop the NUL.
If it is 's' with no length, the string including NUL will be returned.
If it is 's' with a length, behavior is identical to normal unpack().
"""
# Just pass on if no special behavior is required
if fmt[-1] not in ('z', 's') or (fmt[-1] == 's' and fmt[-2].isdigit()):
return struct.unpack(fmt, dat)
# Use format string to get size of contained string and rest of record
non_str_len = struct.calcsize(fmt[:-1])
str_len = len(dat) - non_str_len
# Set up new format string
# If passed 'z', treat terminating NUL as a "pad byte"
if fmt[-1] == 'z':
str_fmt = "{0}sx".format(str_len - 1)
else:
str_fmt = "{0}s".format(str_len)
new_fmt = fmt[:-1] + str_fmt
return struct.unpack(new_fmt, dat)
>>> dat = b'\x02\x1e\x00\x00\x00z\x8eJ\x00\xb1\x7f\x03\x00Down by the river\x00'
>>> unpack_with_final_asciiz("<biiiz", dat)
(2, 30, 4886138, 229297, b'Down by the river')