将char指针数组传递给C中的函数?

时间:2012-07-31 08:07:44

标签: c arrays pointers char

我有以下代码:

int main(){
    char **array;
    char a[5];
    int n = 5;

    array = malloc(n *sizeof *array);

    /*Some code to assign array values*/

    test(a, array);

    return 0;
}

int test(char s1, char **s2){
    if(strcmp(s1, s2[0]) != 0)
        return 1;

    return 0;
}

我正在尝试将char和char指针数组传递给函数,但上面的代码会导致以下错误和警告:

temp.c: In function ‘main’:
temp.c:6:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘malloc’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
temp.c:6:13: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘malloc’ [enabled by default]
temp.c:10:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘test’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
temp.c: At top level:
temp.c:15:5: error: conflicting types for ‘test’
temp.c:15:1: note: an argument type that has a default promotion can’t match an empty parameter name list declaration
temp.c:10:5: note: previous implicit declaration of ‘test’ was here
temp.c: In function ‘test’:
temp.c:16:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘strcmp’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]

我正在努力了解问题所在。

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

首先,您应该包含必要的头文件。对于strcmp<string.h> malloc需要<malloc.h>。此外,您至少需要在 main之前声明测试。如果这样做,您会注意到以下错误:

temp.c: In function ‘test’:
temp.c:20:5: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘strcmp’ makes pointer from integer without a cast [enabled by default]
/usr/include/string.h:143:12: note: expected ‘const char *’ but argument is of type ‘char’

这表明test()应该有char *作为第一个参数。总而言之,您的代码应该如下所示:

#include <string.h>      /* for strcmp */
#include <malloc.h>      /* for malloc */

int test(char*,char**);  /* added declaration */    

int main(){
    char **array;
    char a[5];
    int n = 5;

    array = malloc(sizeof(*array));
    array[0] = malloc(n * sizeof(**array));

    /*Some code to assign array values*/

    test(a, array);

    free(*array); /* free the not longer needed memory */
    free(array);

    return 0;
}

int test(char * s1, char **s2){ /* changed to char* */
    if(strcmp(s1, s2[0]) != 0) /* have a look at the comment after the code */
        return 1;

    return 0;
}

修改

请注意strcmp使用以null结尾的字节字符串。如果s1s2都不包含空字节,则test中的调用将导致分段错误:

[1]    14940 segmentation fault (core dumped)  ./a.out

要么确保两者都包含空字节'\0',要么使用strncmp并更改test的签名:

int test(char * s1, char **s2, unsigned count){
    if(strncmp(s1, s2[0], count) != 0)
        return 1;
    return 0;
}

/* don' forget to change the declaration to 
      int test(char*,char**,unsigned)
   and call it with test(a,array,min(sizeof(a),n))
*/

你的内存分配也是错误的。 arraychar**。您为*array分配了内存,char*本身就是array[0] = malloc(n*sizeof(**array))。你永远不会为这个特定的指针分配内存,你错过了array = malloc(sizeof(*array)); *array = malloc(n * sizeof(**array));

{{1}}

答案 1 :(得分:3)

错误1

temp.c:6:13: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of 
built-in function ‘malloc’ [enabled by default]

你的意思是?

array = malloc(n * sizeof(*array));

错误2

temp.c:15:5: error: conflicting types for ‘test’
temp.c:15:1: note: an argument type that has a default promotion can’t 
             match an empty     parameter name list declaration
temp.c:10:5: note: previous implicit declaration of ‘test’ was here

您正在传递数组a的第一个元素的地址:

 test(a, array);

所以函数签名应该是:

int test(char* s1, char** s2)

答案 2 :(得分:3)

你有几个问题。首先是原型是错误的。传递给函数时,a的数据类型会衰减为char 指针,因此您需要:

int test (char* s1, char** s2) { ... }

但是,即使您修复此问题,第一次使用时test声明也不在范围内。您应该提供原型:

int test (char* s1, char** s2);
main之前

,或者只是将整个定义(函数)移到main之前。

此外,请不要忘记#include string.hstdlib.h标题,以便strcmpmalloc的原型也可用。

答案 3 :(得分:1)

当您将char数组传递给函数时,参数会衰减为指针。将函数参数更改为

 int test(char* s1, char **s2);
              ^
              ^ 

并且您的代码至少应该编译