如何影响图形项目的布局？

Question

我正在尝试使用Graphviz可视化一个简单的有限状态机图。 Graphviz创建的布局并不完全符合我的喜好。我期待更短的边缘更紧凑的结果。

到目前为止，我已尝试使用群组并更改边缘的权重，但运气不足。我不清楚为什么Graphviz以它的方式绘制图形以及如何根据自己的喜好调整算法。我可以设置任何参数来实现吗？或者我应该使用除dot之外的其他命令吗？我试过了neato，但结果看起来完全搞砸了，我真的不明白我在做什么......

到目前为止，这是我最好的结果：

试图想象一个比这更好的布局，我认为如果红色框对齐不同，图形会更好看，更紧凑，例如图中箭头所示：

我使用dot创建图表，源代码如下：

  1 digraph JobStateDiagram
  2 {
  3   rankdir=LR;
  4   size="8,5";
  5 
  6   node  [style="rounded,filled,bold", shape=box, fixedsize=true, width=1.3, fontname="Arial"];
  7   Created   [fillcolor=black, shape=circle, label="", width=0.25];
  8   Destroyed [fillcolor=black, shape=doublecircle, label="", width=0.3];
  9   Empty     [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
 10   Announced [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
 11   Assigned  [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
 12   Working   [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
 13   Ready     [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
 14   TimedOut  [fillcolor="#ffa0a0"];
 15   Failed    [fillcolor="#ffa0a0"];
 16 
 17   {
 18     rank=source; Created Destroyed;
 19   }
 20 
 21   edge  [style=bold, fontname="Arial" weight=2]
 22   Empty     -> Announced [ label="announce"   ];
 23   Announced -> Assigned  [ label="assign"     ];
 24   Assigned  -> Working   [ label="start"      ];
 25   Working   -> Ready     [ label="finish"     ];
 26   Ready     -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
 27 
 28   edge  [fontname="Arial" color="#aaaaaa" weight=1]
 29   Announced -> TimedOut  [ label="timeout"    ];
 30   Assigned  -> TimedOut  [ label="timeout"    ];
 31   Working   -> TimedOut  [ label="timeout"    ];
 32   Working   -> Failed    [ label="error"      ];
 33   TimedOut  -> Announced [ label="announce"   ];
 34   TimedOut  -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
 35   Failed    -> Announced [ label="announce"   ];
 36   Failed    -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
 37 
 38   edge  [style=bold, fontname="Arial" weight=1]
 39   Created   -> Empty     [ label="initialize" ];
 40   Empty     -> Destroyed [ label="finalize"   ];
 41   Announced -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
 42   Assigned  -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
 43   Working   -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
 44 }

另外，如果我在上面的Graphviz文件中做了任何奇怪的事情，请告诉我 - 任何反馈都表示赞赏。

---

更新

通过用户marapet进行的更多实验和尝试端口等建议增加了我的困惑......例如，在下图中，为什么dot选择为{{1}画出这些奇怪的弯路}和Working->Failed，而不是直线？

Answer 1

对我而言，你的输出看起来没问题。 TimedOut和Failed当然是一直到右边，因为从Working到它们的边缘。这是dot最擅长的，虽然您可以进行一些调整以调整graphviz布局，但我认为如果您想创建特定的图形布局并控制所有内容，最好使用其他工具。

话虽如此，我确实用graphviz快速尝试了。我更改了一些线以创建一个包含所有绿色节点的直线，并按照问题中的指示对齐红色节点。我还添加了边缘集中器 - 结果对我来说看起来不太好：

digraph JobStateDiagram
{
  rankdir=LR;
  size="8,5";
  concentrate=true;

  node  [style="rounded,filled,bold", shape=box, fixedsize=true, width=1.3, fontname="Arial"];
  Created   [fillcolor=black, shape=circle, label="", width=0.25];
  Destroyed [fillcolor=black, shape=doublecircle, label="", width=0.3];
  Empty     [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
  Failed    [fillcolor="#ffa0a0"];
  Announced [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
  Assigned  [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
  Working   [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
  Ready     [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
  TimedOut  [fillcolor="#ffa0a0"];

  {
    rank=source; Created; Destroyed;
  }
  {
    rank=same;Announced;Failed;
  }
  {
    rank=same;Assigned;TimedOut;
  }

  edge  [style=bold, fontname="Arial", weight=100]
  Empty     -> Announced [ label="announce"   ];
  Announced -> Assigned  [ label="assign"     ];
  Assigned  -> Working   [ label="start"      ];
  Working   -> Ready     [ label="finish"     ];
  Ready     -> Empty     [ label="revoke", weight=1     ];

  edge  [color="#aaaaaa", weight=1]
  Announced -> TimedOut  [ label="timeout"    ];
  Assigned  -> TimedOut  [ label="timeout"    ];
  Working   -> TimedOut  [ label="timeout"    ];
  Working   -> Failed    [ label="error"      ];
  TimedOut  -> Announced [ label="announce"   ];
  TimedOut  -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
  Failed    -> Announced [ label="announce"   ];
  Failed    -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];

  Created   -> Empty     [ label="initialize" ];
  Empty     -> Destroyed [ label="finalize"   ];
  Announced -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
  Assigned  -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
  Working   -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
}

您还可以通过使用端口来改进边缘的开始和结束位置。

关于你的点文件中有关奇怪事物的问题：行号除外（这最终允许我将列模式用于我的文本编辑器）并且对齐，您的文件对我来说很好。我尽可能地构建我的点文件（图形属性，节点列表，分组，边）。请注意，节点首次出现的顺序可能会对最终布局产生影响。

Answer 2

尽管这是一个非常老的问题，但我也遇到了类似的问题，并希望分享我的结果。除了“权重”，“等级=相同”的技巧外，我只是发现这些方法可用于调整布局结果：

• dir = back
• 添加更多边缘或节点并设置style = invis

对于问题中的这个特定图形，实际上等级=相同和权重将是主要工作，样式= invis可以进行一些微调。因此，通过添加这些行

 {
  rank=same;Announced;Failed;
 }
 {
  rank=same;Assigned;TimedOut;
 }

添加到文件中，并将weight=1添加到“准备清空”边缘，并添加一些不可见的边缘来微调我得到的空间：

完整的图形点源：

digraph JobStateDiagram
{
  rankdir=LR;
  size="8,5";

  node  [style="rounded,filled,bold", shape=box, fixedsize=true, width=1.3, fontname="Arial"];
  Created   [fillcolor=black, shape=circle, label="", width=0.25];
  Destroyed [fillcolor=black, shape=doublecircle, label="", width=0.3];
  Empty     [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
  Announced [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
  Assigned  [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
  Working   [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
  Ready     [fillcolor="#a0ffa0"];
  TimedOut  [fillcolor="#ffa0a0"];
  Failed    [fillcolor="#ffa0a0"];

  {
    rank=source; Created Destroyed;
  }
  {
    rank=same;Announced;Failed; #change here
  }
  {
    rank=same;Assigned;TimedOut; #change here
  }

  edge  [style=bold, fontname="Arial" weight=20] #change here
  Empty     -> Announced [ label="announce"   ];
  Announced -> Assigned  [ label="assign"     ];
  Assigned  -> Working   [ label="start"      ];
  Working   -> Ready     [ label="finish"     ];
  Ready     -> Empty     [ label="revoke" weight=1 ]; #change here

  edge  [fontname="Arial" color="#aaaaaa" weight=2] #change here
  Announced -> TimedOut  [ label="timeout"    ];
  Assigned  -> TimedOut  [ label="timeout" weight=1]; #change here
  Working   -> TimedOut  [ label="timeout"    ];
  Working   -> Failed    [ label="error"      ];
  TimedOut  -> Announced [ label="announce"   ];
  TimedOut  -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
  Failed    -> Announced [ label="announce"   ];
  Failed    -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];

  edge  [style=bold, fontname="Arial" weight=1]
  Created   -> Empty     [ label="initialize" ];
  Empty     -> Destroyed [ label="finalize"   ];
  Announced -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
  Assigned  -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
  Working   -> Empty     [ label="revoke"     ];
  
  Assigned  -> Working   [ label="start"  style=invis     ]; #change here 
  Assigned  -> Working   [ label="start"  style=invis     ]; #change here 
}

更新：与其将“ Failed”和“ Announced”置于同一等级，不如将“ Failed”，“ Assigned”和“ TimedOut”置于同一等级可能会产生更好的结果，如下所示，这可以更好地说明IMO失败与超时之间的区别。 （您必须删除invis边缘才能获得下图）