我从C得到一个16位整数。这个整数由16个标志组成。
如何在16个布尔值的记录中转换此整数?
谢谢!
答案 0 :(得分:4)
type Flags is record
Flag1 : Boolean;
Flag2 : Boolean;
- ...
Flag15 : Boolean;
end record;
for Flags use record
Flag1 at 0 range 0 .. 0;
Flag2 at 0 range 1 .. 1;
-- ...
Flag15 at 0 range 15 .. 15;
end record;
for Flags'Size use 16;
-- This is vital, because normally, records are passed by-reference in Ada.
-- However, as we use this type with C, it has to be passed by value.
-- C_Pass_By_Copy was introduced in GNAT and is part of the language since Ada 2005.
pragma Convention (C_Pass_By_Copy, Flags);
您可以直接在C整数类型的导入C函数instad的声明中使用此类型。
答案 1 :(得分:3)
您可以简单地执行16个右位移位和按位AND结果为1以确定是否设置了位/标志。这是一个例子(我希望这不是作业):
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
typedef unsigned char BOOL;
int main(void)
{
unsigned i;
uint16_t flags = 0x6E8B; /* 0b0110111010001011 */
BOOL arr[16];
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
arr[i] = (flags >> i) & 1;
printf("flag %u: %u\n", i+1, arr[i]);
}
return 0;
}
arr[0]
将包含最低有效位,arr[15]
将包含最高有效位。
输出:
flag 1: 1
flag 2: 1
flag 3: 0
flag 4: 1
flag 5: 0
flag 6: 0
flag 7: 0
flag 8: 1
flag 9: 0
flag 10: 1
flag 11: 1
flag 12: 1
flag 13: 0
flag 14: 1
flag 15: 1
flag 16: 0
答案 2 :(得分:3)
在Ada中,您通常可以声明导入的函数来获取所需类型的参数或返回值,而不是您必须转换的C等效类型。
所以,在这里,你想要
type Flags is array (0 .. 15) of Boolean;
for Flags'Component_Size use 1;
for Flags'Size use 16;
pragma Convention (C, Flags);
您可以将您的功能声明为
function Get_Flags return Flags;
pragma Import (C, Get_Flags, “get_flags");
与
unsigned short get_flags(void) {
return 0x6e8b;
}
和一个简单的线束给了我
flag 0 is TRUE
flag 1 is TRUE
flag 2 is FALSE
flag 3 is TRUE
flag 4 is FALSE
flag 5 is FALSE
flag 6 is FALSE
flag 7 is TRUE
flag 8 is FALSE
flag 9 is TRUE
flag 10 is TRUE
flag 11 is TRUE
flag 12 is FALSE
flag 13 is TRUE
flag 14 is TRUE
flag 15 is FALSE
正如Bo Persson所说,只要您的代码只需要在小端机器上运行,这就没问题。如果您希望它在SPARC或Powerbook上运行,最好使用trashgod的建议;
subtype Flags is Interfaces.C.unsigned_short;
use type Flags;
function Get_Flags return Flags;
pragma Import (C, Get_Flags, "get_flags");
然后,可能会给你的标志位命名(用更有意义的东西!)
Flag_3 : constant Flags := 2#0000_0000_0000_1000#;
或(可能更像C)
Flag_4 : constant Flags := 2 ** 4;
然后检查
(Get_Flags and Flag_3) /= 0
答案 3 :(得分:2)
在Ada中,modular type允许逻辑操作以位集的形式访问值。在Ada 95中引入,概述可以在Ada 95 Rationale, §3.3.2 Modular Types中找到。根据实现,预定义类型Interfaces.C.unsigned_short
是从C获取值的方便选择。
答案 4 :(得分:1)
您还可以使用叠加来获得所需的结果;让我们假设这些布尔值都是有意义且严格的布尔值(即没有枚举)。
首先你需要定义你的记录;我将使用单个Nybble来说明,但该原则适用。 Nybble是旧的DOS属性:读取(可见性;应该是Is_Hidden,回想起来),写入,存档和系统。
Type Nyble_Data is mod 2**4;
For Nyble_Data'Size use 4;
Type Data_Record is record
Can_Read, Can_Write, Is_Archived, Is_System : Boolean:= False;
end record;
-- Ensure 4 bits used.
pragma Pack (Data_Record);
For Data_Record'Size use 4;
-- Specify Layout.
For Data_Record use
record
Can_Read at 0 range 0..0;
Can_Write at 0 range 1..1;
Is_Archived at 0 range 2..2;
Is_System at 0 range 3..3;
end record;
-- This is where the magic occurs.
Function Convert( Data : In Nyble_Data ) Return Data_Record is
Result : Data_Record;
For Result'Address use Data'Address;
Pragma Import( Convention => Ada, Entity => Result );
Pragma Inline( Convert );
begin
Return Result;
end Convert;
-- Test variables.
Input : Nyble_Data:= 5;
Output : Data_Record:= Convert(Input);
-- Display the record.
Procedure Put( Data : In Data_Record ) is
Use Ada.Text_IO;
begin
Put_Line( "Read: " & ASCII.HT & Boolean'Image(Data.Can_Read) );
Put_Line( "Write: " & ASCII.HT & Boolean'Image(Data.Can_Write) );
Put_Line( "Archive:" & ASCII.HT & Boolean'Image(Data.Is_Archived) );
Put_Line( "System: " & ASCII.HT & Boolean'Image(Data.Is_System) );
end Put;
答案 5 :(得分:0)
您可以使用包含short int(或int_16)和位字段的联合:
union UMyFlags {
short n;
struct {
flag_1 : 1;
flag_2 : 1;
// other flags ...
} flags;
};
但是,由于字节排序,您的代码将无法在每个平台上移植。