如果我跑
$#/bin/bash
for i in `seq 5`; do
exec 3> >(sed -e "s/^/$i: /"; echo "$i-")
echo foo >&3
echo bar >&3
exec 3>&-
done
然后结果不同步;它可能是这样的:
1: foo
1: bar
2: foo
2: bar
1-
3: foo
3: bar
2-
3-
4: foo
5: foo
4: bar
5: bar
4-
5-
在继续下一次迭代之前,如何确保完成流程替换>(...)
?
在sleep 0.1
帮助之后插入exec 3>&-
,但它不够优雅,效率低下,并且无法保证始终有效。
# again, simplified for illustration
while IFS= read line; do
case $line in
@*)
exec 3>&-
filename=${line:1}
echo "starting $filename"
exec 3> >(sort >"$filename"; echo "finished $filename")
;;
*)
echo "$line" >&3
;;
esac
done
exec 3>&-
答案 0 :(得分:4)
以下在bash 4中使用coprocesses:
#!/bin/bash
fd_re='^[0-9]+$'
cleanup_and_wait() {
if [[ ${COPROC[1]} =~ $fd_re ]] ; then
eval "exec ${COPROC[1]}<&-"
echo "waiting for $filename to finish" >&2
wait $COPROC_PID
fi
}
while IFS= read -r line; do
case $line in
@*)
cleanup_and_wait
filename=${line:1}
echo "starting $filename" >&2
coproc { sort >"$filename"; echo "Finished with $filename" >&2; }
;;
*)
printf '%s\n' "$line" >&${COPROC[1]}
;;
esac
done
cleanup_and_wait
对于bash的早期版本,可以使用命名管道:
cleanup_and_wait() {
if [[ $child_pid ]] ; then
exec 4<&-
echo "waiting for $filename to finish" >&2
wait $child_pid
fi
}
# this is a bit racy; without a force option to mkfifo,
# however, the race is unavoidable
fifo_name=$(mktemp -u -t fifo.XXXXXX)
if ! mkfifo "$fifo_name" ; then
echo "Someone else may have created our temporary FIFO before we did!" >&2
echo "This can indicate an attempt to exploit a race condition as a" >&2
echo "security vulnarability and should always be tested for." >&2
exit 1
fi
# ensure that we clean up even on unexpected exits
trap 'rm -f "$fifo_name"' EXIT
while IFS= read -r line; do
case $line in
@*)
cleanup_and_wait
filename=${line:1}
echo "starting $filename" >&2
{ sort >"$filename"; echo "finished with $filename" >&2; } <"$fifo_name" &
child_pid=$!
exec 4>"$fifo_name"
;;
*)
printf '%s\n' "$line" >&4
;;
esac
done
cleanup_and_wait
一些注意事项:
printf '%s\n' "$line"
比echo "$line"
更安全;例如,如果一行只包含-e
,则某些版本的echo
将无法使用它。答案 1 :(得分:3)
很简单,只需把所有东西都塞进猫里。
#!/bin/bash
for i in `seq 5`; do
{
exec 3> >(sed -e "s/^/$i: /"; echo "$i-")
echo foo >&3
echo bar >&3
exec 3<&-
}|cat
done
这是输出:
1: foo
1: bar
1-
2: foo
2: bar
2-
3: foo
3: bar
3-
4: foo
4: bar
4-
5: foo
5: bar
5-
答案 2 :(得分:2)
mkfifo tmpfifo
for i in `seq 5`; do
{ sed -e "s/^/$i: /"; echo "$i-";} <tmpfifo &
PID=$!
exec 3> tmpfifo
echo foo >&3
echo bar >&3
exec 3>&-
wait $PID
done
rm tmpfifo
答案 3 :(得分:1)
“显而易见”的答案是摆脱流程替代。
for i in `seq 5`; do
echo foo | sed -e "s/^/$i: /"; echo "$i-"
echo bar | sed -e "s/^/$i: /"; echo "$i-"
done
所以问题就变成了,你真的需要使用流程替换来构建代码吗?上述内容比尝试同步异步构造要简单得多。
答案 4 :(得分:1)
另一个用户问同样的问题,并得到详尽的答案here。