我在matlab中绘制了一个图表:
plot(x,y)
我的图形有不同的斜率,我如何在每个斜率上绘制切线并计算斜率系数?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
如果您没有绘制点的显式函数,则可以使用finite differences来估算导数。以下内容适用于不在数据范围边界的点:
plot(x,y);
hold all;
% first sort the points, so x is monotonically rising
[x, sortidx] = sort(x);
y = y(sortidx);
% this is the x point for which you want to compute the slope
xslope = (x(1)+x(end))/2;
idx_a = find(x<xslope,1,'last');
idx_b = find(x>xslope,1,'first');
% or even simpler:
idx_b = idx_a+1;
% this assumes min(x)<xslope<max(x)
xa = x(idx_a);
xb = x(idx_b);
slope = (y(idx_b) - y(idx_a))/(xb - xa);
现在绘制斜率,取决于你想要的东西:只是一条短线:
yslope = interp1(x,y,xslope);
ya_sloped = yslope + (xa-xslope)*slope;
yb_sloped = yslope + (xb-xslope)*slope;
line([xa;xb],[ya_sloped;yb_sloped]);
或更长的行
yslope = interp1(x,y,xslope);
xa = xa + 4*(xa-xslope);
xb = xb + 4*(xb-xslope);
ya_sloped = yslope + (xa-xslope)*slope;
yb_sloped = yslope + (xb-xslope)*slope;
line([xa;xb],[ya_sloped;yb_sloped]);
我很确定此代码中没有错误,但是当我有matlab时我会测试它;)
答案 1 :(得分:1)
你必须弄清楚你感兴趣使用的任何点的斜率(y2-y1)/(x2-x1),然后使用plot()绘制一条具有该斜率的直线。要绘制直线,您需要y截距,并且因为您知道该直线上至少有一个点的坐标(这是您想要绘制切线的点),所以可以求解等式中的b y = mx + B.