Question

我正在处理一些doc文件，当复制并粘贴到文本文件中时，会给我以下示例'输出'：

ARTA215   ADVANCED LIFE DRAWING (3 Cr) (2:2)  + Studio 1 hr.
This advanced study in drawing with the life ....
Prerequisite: ARTA150
Lab Fee Required

ARTA220   CERAMICS II  (3 Cr) (2:2)  + Studio 1 hr.
This course affords the student the opportunity to ex...
Lab Fee Required

ARTA250   SPECIAL TOPICS IN ART 
  This course focuses on selected topic....

ARTA260   PORTFOLIO DEVELOPMENT   (3 Cr) (3:0)
The purpose of this course is to pre....
BIOS010   INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS (3IC) (2:2) 
This course is a preparatory course designed to familiarize the begi....

BIOS101   GENERAL BIOLOGY (4 Cr) (3:3)
This course introduces the student to the principles of mo...
Lab Fee Required

BIOS102   INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGY  (4 Cr)  (3:3)
This course is an introd....
Lab Fee Required

我希望能够解析它以便生成3个字段，然后我可以将值输出到.csv文件中。

换行符，间距等......就是这个档案中的任何一点
我最好的猜测是一个正则表达式找到4个大写字母字符后跟3个字符字符，然后查明接下来的2个字符是否大写。（这说明课程＃，但也排除了在第一个条目中可能说“先决条件”的地方绊倒的可能性）。在此之后，正则表达式找到第一个换行符并获取它之后的所有内容，直到它找到下一个过程＃。 3个字段将是课程编号，课程标题和课程描述。课程编号和标题始终在同一行，描述是下面的一切。

示例最终结果将包含3个字段，我猜测它们可以存储到3个数组中：

"ARTA215","ADVANCED LIFE DRAWING (3 Cr) (2:2)  + Studio 1 hr.","This advanced study in drawing with the life .... Prerequisite: ARTA150 Lab Fee Required"

就像我说的那样，这真是一场噩梦，但我希望自动完成这项工作，而不是每次有人在生成文件后进行清理。

Answer 1

考虑以下示例，该示例依赖于课程描述的块完全包含在Perl认为是段落的内容中：

#! /usr/bin/perl

$/ = "";
my $record_start = qr/
  ^            # starting with a newline
  \s*          # allow optional leading whitespace
  ([A-Z]+\d+)  # capture course tag, e.g., ARTA215
  \s+          # separating whitespace
  (.+?)        # course title on rest of line
  \s*\n        # consume trailing whitespace
/mx;

while (<>) {
  my($course,$title);
  if (s/\A$record_start//) {  # fix Stack Overflow highlighting /
    ($course,$title) = ($1,$2);
  }
  elsif (s/(?s:^.+?)(?=$record_start)//) {  # ditto /
    redo;
  }
  else {
    next;
  }

  my $desc;
  die unless s/^(.+?)(?=$record_start|\s*$)//s;
  (my $desc = $1) =~ s/\s*\n\s*/ /g;
  for ($course, $title, $desc) {
    s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; s/\s+/ /g;
  }
  print join("," => map qq{"$_"} => $course, $title, $desc), "\n";
  redo if $_;
}

输入样品输入后，输出

"ARTA215","ADVANCED LIFE DRAWING (3 Cr) (2:2) + Studio 1 hr.","This advanced study in drawing with the life .... Prerequisite: ARTA150 Lab Fee Required"
"ARTA220","CERAMICS II (3 Cr) (2:2) + Studio 1 hr.","This course affords the student the opportunity to ex... Lab Fee Required"
"ARTA250","SPECIAL TOPICS IN ART","This course focuses on selected topic...."
"ARTA260","PORTFOLIO DEVELOPMENT (3 Cr) (3:0)","The purpose of this course is to pre...."
"BIOS010","INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS (3IC) (2:2)","This course is a preparatory course designed to familiarize the begi...."
"BIOS101","GENERAL BIOLOGY (4 Cr) (3:3)","This course introduces the student to the principles of mo... Lab Fee Required"
"BIOS102","INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGY (4 Cr) (3:3)","This course is an introd.... Lab Fee Required"

Answer 2

尝试：

my $course;
my @courses;
while ( my $line = <$input_handle> ) {
    if ( $line =~ /^([A-Z]{4}\d+)\s+([A-Z]{2}.*)/ ) {
        $course = [ "$1", "$2" ];
        push @courses, $course;
    }
    elsif ($course) {
        $course->[2] .= $line
    }
    else {
        # garbage before first course in file
        next
    }
}

这会产生一个数组数组，据我所知你想要的。有一个哈希数组甚至散列哈希值对我来说更有意义。

Answer 3

我有一个大致相同的想法as Gbacon来使用段落模式，因为这样可以将文件整齐地分块到你的记录中。他输入的速度更快，但是我写了一个，所以这是我对它的抨击：

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;

local $/ = "";

my @items;
while (<>) {
  my( $course, $description ) = (split /\n/, $_)[0, 1];
  my( $course_id, $name ) = ($course =~ m/^(\w+)\s+(.*)$/);
  push @items, [ $course_id, $name, $description ];
}

for my $record (@items) {
  print "Course id: ", $record->[0], "\n";
  print "Name and credits: ", $record->[1], "\n";
  print "Description: ", $record->[2], "\n";
}

正如Ysth在对Gbacon的答案的评论中指出的那样，段落模式在这里可能不起作用。如果没有，请不要介意。

Answer 4

正则表达式可能有点矫枉过正，因为模式看起来很简单：

[course]
[description]
{Prerequisites}
{Lab Fee Required}

其中[course]由

组成

[course#] [course title] {# Cr} [etc/don't care]

，课程＃只是前7个字符。

因此您可以使用简单的状态机扫描文件，例如：

//NOTE: THIS IS PSEUDOCODE
s = 'parseCourse'
f = openFile(blah)
l = readLine(f)
while (l) {
    if (s=='parseCourse') {
        if (l.StartsWith('Prerequisite:')) {
            extractPrerequisite(l)
        }
        else if (l.StartsWith('Lab Fee Required')) {
            extractLabFeeRequired(l)
        }
        else {
            extractCourseInfo(l)
            s='parseDescription'
        }
    }
    else if (s=='parseDescription') {
        extractDescription(l)
        s='parseCourse'
    }
    l = readLine(f)
}
close(f)

Answer 5

#!/usr/bin/perl
$/ = "\n\n";
$FS = "\n";
$, = ',';
while (<>) {
    chomp;
    @F = split($FS, $_);
    print join($,,@F) ."\n";
}

是否可以使用Perl解析这个噩梦？

5 个答案: