我正在尝试使用python，matplotlib，numpy和tkinter创建生命游戏。在用户输入行数，列数和产生活动单元的可能性之后，用户将按“生成”按钮开始游戏。我能够显示第一个画布，但除此之外，该程序似乎无法更新画布。更新时（使用while循环），我希望程序首先调用一个更新画布的函数，然后将图形暂停0.5秒，最后清除画布，以便可以显示下一个更新的画布。我似乎对FigureCanvasTkAgg的问题最多（对于tkinter来说我还是很陌生），因为它似乎不接受pause和delete属性。还有另一种更新，暂停和清除画布的方法吗？ 这是我的代码：
from tkinter import *
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from board import Board
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (
FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk)
import time
iteration = 0
def num():
global iteration
iteration += 1
n1 = int(t1.get())
n2 = int(t2.get())
n3 = int(t3.get()) / 100.00
initBoard = np.zeros((n1, n2))
for row in range(0,n1):
for column in range(0,n2):
initBoard[row][column] = np.random.choice(np.arange(0, 2), p = [1 - n3, n3])
game_board = Board(n1, n2, initBoard)
user_input = ''
while user_input != 'q':
if user_input == '':
game_board.update_board()
ax.imshow(initBoard)
canvas.draw_idle()
ax.delete('all')
root = Tk()
root.title('Game of Life')
root.geometry('800x600')
#top = Toplevel(root)
Label(root, text="How many rows?: ").grid(row = 0)
Label(root, text="How many columns?: ").grid(row = 1)
Label(root, text="Probability of spawn (between 0 and 100): ").grid(row = 2)
t1 = Entry(root)
t2 = Entry(root)
t3 = Entry(root)
t1.grid(row = 0, column = 1)
t2.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
t3.grid(row = 2, column = 1)
Button(root, text = 'Generate', command = num).grid(row = 3, column = 1, sticky = W, pady = 4)
fig= plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.axis('off')
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=root) # A tk.DrawingArea.
canvas.draw()
canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row = 4, column = 0)
mainloop()
在这里，Board和update_board（）会导致：
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (
FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk)
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from tkinter import *
class Board:
def __init__(self, rows, columns, game_board):
self.rows = rows
self.columns = columns
self.initBoard = game_board
def update_board(self):
for row in range(0, self.rows):
for column in range(0, self.columns):
check_neighbour = self.check_neighbour(row, column)
living_neighbours_count = 0
for neighbour_cell in check_neighbour:
if neighbour_cell == 1:
living_neighbours_count += 1
if self.initBoard[row][column] == 1:
if living_neighbours_count < 2 or living_neighbours_count > 3:
self.initBoard[row][column] = 0
else:
if living_neighbours_count == 3:
self.initBoard[row][column] = 1
def check_neighbour(self, check_row, check_column):
search_min = -1
search_max = 2
neighbour_list = []
for row in range(search_min, search_max):
for column in range(search_min, search_max):
neighbour_row = check_row + row
neighbour_column = check_column + column
valid_neighbour = True
if (neighbour_row) == check_row and (neighbour_column) == check_column:
valid_neighbour = False
if (neighbour_row) < 0 or (neighbour_row) >= self.rows:
valid_neighbour = False
if (neighbour_column) < 0 or (neighbour_column) >= self.columns:
valid_neighbour = False
if valid_neighbour:
neighbour_list.append(self.initBoard[neighbour_row][neighbour_column])
return neighbour_list
答案 0 :(得分：0)
我不是很肯定，但是我认为以下是您想要的。我每500毫秒就有明显的变化，因此，这肯定是一个进步。我不得不重写/重新格式化您的主要tkinter部分。这真是一团糟，所以我把它清理干净了。
import numpy as np
import tkinter as tk
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk
class Board:
def __init__(self, rows, columns, game_board):
self.rows = rows
self.columns = columns
self.initBoard = game_board
def update_board(self):
for row in range(0, self.rows):
for column in range(0, self.columns):
check_neighbour = self.check_neighbour(row, column)
living_neighbours_count = 0
for neighbour_cell in check_neighbour:
if neighbour_cell == 1:
living_neighbours_count += 1
if self.initBoard[row][column] == 1:
if living_neighbours_count < 2 or living_neighbours_count > 3:
self.initBoard[row][column] = 0
else:
if living_neighbours_count == 3:
self.initBoard[row][column] = 1
def check_neighbour(self, check_row, check_column):
search_min = -1
search_max = 2
neighbour_list = []
for row in range(search_min, search_max):
for column in range(search_min, search_max):
neighbour_row = check_row + row
neighbour_column = check_column + column
valid_neighbour = True
if (neighbour_row) == check_row and (neighbour_column) == check_column:
valid_neighbour = False
if (neighbour_row) < 0 or (neighbour_row) >= self.rows:
valid_neighbour = False
if (neighbour_column) < 0 or (neighbour_column) >= self.columns:
valid_neighbour = False
if valid_neighbour:
neighbour_list.append(self.initBoard[neighbour_row][neighbour_column])
return neighbour_list
class App(tk.Tk):
WIDTH = 800
HEIGHT = 600
TITLE = 'Game Of Life'
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, **kwargs)
self.iteration=0
self.fig = plt.figure()
self.ax = self.fig.add_subplot(111)
self.ax.axis('off')
tk.Label(self, text="How many rows?: ").grid(row=0)
tk.Label(self, text="How many columns?: ").grid(row=1)
tk.Label(self, text="Probability of spawn (between 0 and 100): ").grid(row=2)
self.t1 = tk.Entry(self)
self.t2 = tk.Entry(self)
self.t3 = tk.Entry(self)
self.t1.grid(row=0, column=1)
self.t2.grid(row=1, column=1)
self.t3.grid(row=2, column=1)
tk.Button(self, text='Generate', command=self.plot).grid(row=3, column=1, sticky='w', pady=4)
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, master=self) # A tk.DrawingArea.
self.canvas.draw()
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=4, column=0)
def plot(self):
n1 = int(self.t1.get())
n2 = int(self.t2.get())
n3 = int(self.t3.get()) / 100.00
self.initBoard = np.zeros((n1, n2))
for row in range(0,n1):
for column in range(0,n2):
self.initBoard[row][column] = np.random.choice(np.arange(0, 2), p = [1 - n3, n3])
self.game_board = Board(n1, n2, self.initBoard)
self.update()
def update(self):
self.game_board.update_board()
self.ax.imshow(self.initBoard)
self.canvas.draw_idle()
self.after(500, self.update)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = App()
app.title(App.TITLE)
app.geometry(f'{App.WIDTH}x{App.HEIGHT}')
app.mainloop()