使用bigmemory在R中加载大型数据集的内存问题

时间:2015-07-14 13:03:47

标签: r bigdata r-bigmemory

我有一个大文本文件(> 1000万行,> 1 GB),我希望一次处理一行,以避免将整个内容加载到内存中。处理完每一行后,我希望将一些变量保存到big.matrix对象中。这是一个简化的例子:

library(bigmemory)
library(pryr)

con  <- file('x.csv', open = "r")
x <- big.matrix(nrow = 5, ncol = 1, type = 'integer')

for (i in 1:5){
   print(c(address(x), refs(x)))
   y <- readLines(con, n = 1, warn = FALSE)
   x[i] <- 2L*as.integer(y)
} 

close(con)

x.csv包含

4
18
2
14
16

按照这里的建议http://adv-r.had.co.nz/memory.html我打印了big.matrix对象的内存地址,它似乎随着每次循环迭代而改变:

[1] "0x101e854d8" "2"          
[1] "0x101d8f750" "2"          
[1] "0x102380d80" "2"          
[1] "0x105a8ff20" "2"          
[1] "0x105ae0d88" "2"   
  1. 可以对big.matrix个对象进行修改吗?

  2. 有没有更好的方法来加载,处理然后保存这些数据?目前的方法很慢!

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

  
      
  1. 有没有更好的方法来加载,处理然后保存这些数据?目前的方法很慢!
  2.   

您方法中最慢的部分是调用单独读取每一行。我们可以“分块”数据,或者一次读取几行,以便不会达到内存限制,同时可能加快速度。

这是计划:

  1. 弄清楚文件中有多少行
  2. 读入这些行中的一大块
  3. 对该块进行一些操作
  4. 将该块重新推送到新文件中以便以后保存

    library(readr) 
    # Make a file
    x <- data.frame(matrix(rnorm(10000),100000,10))
    
    write_csv(x,"./test_set2.csv")
    
    # Create a function to read a variable in file and double it
    calcDouble <- function(calc.file,outputFile = "./outPut_File.csv",
    read.size=500000,variable="X1"){
      # Set up variables
      num.lines <- 0
      lines.per <- NULL
      var.top <- NULL
      i=0L
    
      # Gather column names and position of objective column
      connection.names <- file(calc.file,open="r+")
      data.names <- read.table(connection.names,sep=",",header=TRUE,nrows=1)
      close(connection.names)
      col.name <- which(colnames(data.names)==variable)
    
      #Find length of file by line
      connection.len <- file(calc.file,open="r+")
      while((linesread <- length(readLines(connection.len,read.size)))>0){
    
        lines.per[i] <- linesread
        num.lines <- num.lines + linesread
        i=i+1L 
      }
      close(connection.len)
    
      # Make connection for doubling function
      # Loop through file and double the set variables
      connection.double <- file(calc.file,open="r+")
      for (j in 1:length(lines.per)){
    
        # if stops read.table from breaking
        # Read in a chunk of the file
        if (j == 1) {
          data <- read.table(connection.double,sep=",",header=FALSE,skip=1,nrows=lines.per[j],comment.char="")
        } else {
          data <- read.table(connection.double,sep=",",header=FALSE,nrows=lines.per[j],comment.char="")
        }
          # Grab the columns we need and double them
          double <- data[,I(col.name)] * 2
        if (j != 1) {
          write_csv(data.frame(double),outputFile,append = TRUE)
        } else {
          write_csv(data.frame(double),outputFile)
        }
    
        message(paste0("Reading from Chunk: ",j, " of ",length(lines.per)))
      }
      close(connection.double)
    }
    
    calcDouble("./test_set2.csv",read.size = 50000, variable = "X1")
    
  5. 因此我们返回带有操纵数据的.csv文件。您可以将double <- data[,I(col.name)] * 2更改为您需要对每个块执行的任何操作。