Question

我想使用django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser创建自定义用户模型，如djangodocs中所述：

如果您对Django的用户模型完全满意并且您只是想要添加一些额外的配置文件信息，您可以简单地子类 django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser并添加您的自定义配置文件领域。此类提供默认的完整实现用户作为抽象模型。

所以我继承了AbstractUser类中的Users类并添加了一个字段。但是当我运行python manage.py syncdb时，我收到以下错误：

CommandError: One or more models did not validate:
admin.logentry: 'user' has a relation with model login.users, which has either 
not been installed or is abstract.

我在stackoverflow上遇到了其他问题，但无法解决错误。这是我的代码：

models.py

from django.conf import settings
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.contrib import admin

class Users(AbstractUser):
    college = models.CharField(max_length=40)

admin.site.register(Users, UserAdmin)

admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserChangeForm, UserCreationForm
from login.models import Users
from django import forms

class UsersChangeForm(UserChangeForm):
    class Meta(UserChangeForm.Meta):
        model = Users

class UsersAdmin(UserAdmin):
    form = UsersChangeForm

    fieldsets = UserAdmin.fieldsets + (
            (None, {'fields': ('college',)}),
    )


admin.site.register(Users, UsersAdmin)

settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'forms',
    'login',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'login.users'

修改

我想将用户信息存储在与auth_user相同的表中，而不是存储在新表中。

Answer 1

我在我的一个项目中这样做了。我很惊讶地看到你扩展了用户因为the doc says something else :)你可以扩展Django用户模型，但如果你只想添加新字段（不改变其行为），你应该使用OneToOneField。

If you wish to store information related to User, you can use a one-to-one
relationship to a model containing the fields for additional information.

因此，正如您在链接中看到的，您的代码应如下所示：

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class MyUser(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User)

    # Or a ForeingKey to the College table?
    college = models.CharField(max_length=40)

    other_data = ...

Answer 2

通过使用get_user_model（）（获取项目中活动的用户模型。在django.contrib.auth中定义）和AUTH_USER_MODEL（用于引用用户模型）而不是使用get_user_model（）来保持代码的通用性是一种很好的做法。直接引用用户模型。

from django.conf import settings

class MyUser(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)

    # Or a ForeingKey to the College table?
    college = models.CharField(max_length=40)

    other_data = ...

Answer 3

尝试在 models.py ：

中删除此行

admin.site.register(Users, UserAdmin）

我发现了你的错误，你的 INSTALLED_APPS 顺序错误，应该是下一个：

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    #'django.contrib.sites',
    #'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
    'login',
    'forms',
)

AUTH_USER_MODEL = "login.User"

为什么？

查看source code 管理员会使用用户模型，所以也许您可以这样想：

但我的用户模型是 login 应用，这个应用在管理员应用之前，因此在管理员之前安装了 login ，为什么呢不起作用？这是因为 django.contrib.auth 是可交换的（在您的情况下可以替换另一个模型已经可以通过login.User进行交换），因此您创建了一个新的用户模型，因此django必须更改其user建模到新模型，然后你必须安装其余部分。

How must be at the moment of run syncdb:


1.- django.contrib.auth is installed, then this see if has been swapped, if yes it adds the new field or override completely the User Model (in your case only you add a field).

2.- admin, contentypes.... your apps, are installed and all works.

How you had it:

1.- login is installed (where the new User Model was, you put the AUTH_USER_MODEL in settings)

2.- Then forms.

3.- Then django tries to install the admin app but it can't because auth_user table hasn't been added that's because django.contrib.auth was after admin, therefore there is no User Model, this one isnt's swapped and this throws the error  **admin.logentry: 'user' has a relation with model login.users, which has either 
not been installed or is abstract.**

因此，首先您必须先安装django.contrib.auth应用，然后安装所有依赖的应用。

django中的自定义用户模型

3 个答案: