使用lxml的etree创建doctype

时间:2009-06-14 00:41:05

标签: python doctype lxml elementtree

我想在我使用LXML的etree生成的XML文档中添加doctypes。

但是我无法弄清楚如何添加doctype。硬编码和连接字符串不是一种选择。

我期待在etree中添加PI的方式:

pi = etree.PI(...)
doc.addprevious(pi)

但它不适合我。如何使用lxml?

添加到xml文档

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:28)

这对我有用:

print etree.tostring(tree, pretty_print=True, xml_declaration=True, encoding="UTF-8", doctype="<!DOCTYPE TEST_FILE>")

答案 1 :(得分:9)

您可以使用doctype创建文档:

# Adapted from example on http://codespeak.net/lxml/tutorial.html
import lxml.etree as et
import StringIO
s = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root SYSTEM "test" [ <!ENTITY tasty "cheese"> 
<!ENTITY eacute "&#233;"> ]>
<root>
<a>&tasty; souffl&eacute;</a>
</root>
"""
tree = et.parse(StringIO.StringIO(s))
print et.tostring(tree, xml_declaration=True, encoding="utf-8")

打印:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE root SYSTEM "test" [
<!ENTITY tasty "cheese">
<!ENTITY eacute "&#233;">
]>
<root>
<a>cheese soufflé</a>
</root>

如果要将doctype添加到某些未使用doc创建的XML中,可以先创建一个带有所需doctype的文档(如上所述),然后将无doctype的XML复制到其中:

xml = et.XML("<root><test/><a>whatever</a><end_test/></root>")
root = tree.getroot()
root[:] = xml
root.text, root.tail = xml.text, xml.tail
print et.tostring(tree, xml_declaration=True, encoding="utf-8")

打印:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE root SYSTEM "test" [
<!ENTITY tasty "cheese">
<!ENTITY eacute "&#233;">
]>
<root><test/><a>whatever</a><end_test/></root>

这就是你要找的东西吗?

答案 2 :(得分:4)

PI实际上是作为“doc”中的前一个元素添加的。因此,它不是“doc”的孩子。您必须使用“doc.getroottree()”

以下是一个例子:

>>> root = etree.Element("root")
>>> a  = etree.SubElement(root, "a")
>>> b = etree.SubElement(root, "b")
>>> root.addprevious(etree.PI('xml-stylesheet', 'type="text/xsl" href="my.xsl"'))
>>> print etree.tostring(root, pretty_print=True, xml_declaration=True, encoding='utf-8')
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<root>
  <a/>
  <b/>
</root>

使用getroottree():

>>> print etree.tostring(root.getroottree(), pretty_print=True, xml_declaration=True, encoding='utf-8')
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="my.xsl"?>
<root>
  <a/>
  <b/>
</root>