所以我写了一个小脚本来从网站上下载图片。它通过一个7 alpha字符值,其中第一个字符始终是一个数字。问题是,如果我想停止脚本并重新启动它,我必须从头开始。
我可以用我得到的最后一个值以某种方式播种itertools.product,所以我不必再次浏览它们。
感谢您的任何意见。
这是代码的一部分:
numbers = '0123456789'
alnum = numbers + 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
len7 = itertools.product(numbers, alnum, alnum, alnum, alnum, alnum, alnum) # length 7
for p in itertools.chain(len7):
currentid = ''.join(p)
#semi static vars
url = 'http://mysite.com/images/'
url += currentid
#Need to get the real url cause the redirect
print "Trying " + url
req = urllib2.Request(url)
res = openaurl(req)
if res == "continue": continue
finalurl = res.geturl()
#ok we have the full url now time to if it is real
try: file = urllib2.urlopen(finalurl)
except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
print e.code
im = cStringIO.StringIO(file.read())
img = Image.open(im)
writeimage(img)
答案 0 :(得分:3)
这是基于pypy库代码的解决方案(感谢agf在评论中的建议)。
状态可通过.state
属性获得,并可通过.goto(state)
重置,其中state
是序列的索引(从0开始)。最后有一个演示(你需要向下滚动,我很害怕)。
这比丢弃值更快。
> cat prod.py
class product(object):
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
if len(kw) > 1:
raise TypeError("product() takes at most 1 argument (%d given)" %
len(kw))
self.repeat = kw.get('repeat', 1)
self.gears = [x for x in args] * self.repeat
self.num_gears = len(self.gears)
self.reset()
def reset(self):
# initialization of indicies to loop over
self.indicies = [(0, len(self.gears[x]))
for x in range(0, self.num_gears)]
self.cont = True
self.state = 0
def goto(self, n):
self.reset()
self.state = n
x = self.num_gears
while n > 0 and x > 0:
x -= 1
n, m = divmod(n, len(self.gears[x]))
self.indicies[x] = (m, self.indicies[x][1])
if n > 0:
self.reset()
raise ValueError("state exceeded")
def roll_gears(self):
# Starting from the end of the gear indicies work to the front
# incrementing the gear until the limit is reached. When the limit
# is reached carry operation to the next gear
self.state += 1
should_carry = True
for n in range(0, self.num_gears):
nth_gear = self.num_gears - n - 1
if should_carry:
count, lim = self.indicies[nth_gear]
count += 1
if count == lim and nth_gear == 0:
self.cont = False
if count == lim:
should_carry = True
count = 0
else:
should_carry = False
self.indicies[nth_gear] = (count, lim)
else:
break
def __iter__(self):
return self
def next(self):
if not self.cont:
raise StopIteration
l = []
for x in range(0, self.num_gears):
index, limit = self.indicies[x]
l.append(self.gears[x][index])
self.roll_gears()
return tuple(l)
p = product('abc', '12')
print list(p)
p.reset()
print list(p)
p.goto(2)
print list(p)
p.goto(4)
print list(p)
> python prod.py
[('a', '1'), ('a', '2'), ('b', '1'), ('b', '2'), ('c', '1'), ('c', '2')]
[('a', '1'), ('a', '2'), ('b', '1'), ('b', '2'), ('c', '1'), ('c', '2')]
[('b', '1'), ('b', '2'), ('c', '1'), ('c', '2')]
[('c', '1'), ('c', '2')]
你应该更多地测试它 - 我可能犯了一个愚蠢的错误 - 但这个想法很简单,所以你应该能够解决它:o)你可以自由地使用我的改变;不知道原始的pypy许可证是什么。
state
也不是真正的完整状态 - 它不包括原始参数 - 它只是序列的索引。也许将它称为索引会更好,但代码中已经有了指示...
<强>更新强>
这是一个更简单的版本,它是相同的想法,但通过转换一系列数字来工作。所以你只需imap
通过count(n)
就可以获得n
的序列偏移量。
> cat prod2.py
from itertools import count, imap
def make_product(*values):
def fold((n, l), v):
(n, m) = divmod(n, len(v))
return (n, l + [v[m]])
def product(n):
(n, l) = reduce(fold, values, (n, []))
if n > 0: raise StopIteration
return tuple(l)
return product
print list(imap(make_product(['a','b','c'], [1,2,3]), count()))
print list(imap(make_product(['a','b','c'], [1,2,3]), count(3)))
def product_from(n, *values):
return imap(make_product(*values), count(n))
print list(product_from(4, ['a','b','c'], [1,2,3]))
> python prod2.py
[('a', 1), ('b', 1), ('c', 1), ('a', 2), ('b', 2), ('c', 2), ('a', 3), ('b', 3), ('c', 3)]
[('a', 2), ('b', 2), ('c', 2), ('a', 3), ('b', 3), ('c', 3)]
[('b', 2), ('c', 2), ('a', 3), ('b', 3), ('c', 3)]
(这里的缺点是,如果你想停下来并重新启动,你需要跟踪自己已经使用了多少)
答案 1 :(得分:2)
一旦你在迭代器上得到了一个公平的方法,那么使用dropwhile需要一段时间才能到达现场。
您可能应该调整this这样的食谱,这样就可以在运行之间保存状态。
确保您的脚本一次只能运行一次,或者您需要更复杂的内容,例如将ID分发给脚本的服务器进程
答案 2 :(得分:1)
如果您的输入序列没有任何重复值,这可能比dropwhile
提前product
更快,因为它不需要您通过计算正确来比较所有丢弃的值指向恢复迭代。
from itertools import product, islice
from operator import mul
def resume_product(state, *sequences):
start = 0
seqlens = map(len, sequences)
if any(len(set(seq)) != seqlen for seq, seqlen in zip(sequences, seqlens)):
raise ValueError("One of your sequences contains duplicate values")
current = end = reduce(mul, seqlens)
for i, seq, seqlen in zip(state, sequences, seqlens):
current /= seqlen
start += seq.index(i) * current
return islice(product(*sequences), start + 1, end)
seqs = '01', '23', '45', '678'
# if I want to resume after '1247':
for i in resume_product('1247', *seqs):
# blah blah
pass