我正在参加我正在上课的课程。我们需要编写一个像DESCRIBE命令一样的Oracle脚本。我们使用的这本书描述了如何使用数据字典非常糟糕。不是寻找答案,而是寻找正确方向的一点。
答案 0 :(得分:35)
您正在寻找USER_TAB_COLUMNS
- 所有列及其在架构中执行查询的说明 - 或ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
- 除了用户有权查看的所有表格之外。
典型的查询可能是:
select *
from user_tab_columns
where table_name = 'MY_TABLE'
order by column_id
column_id
是表格中列的“顺序”。
你应该确保'MY_TABLE'是大写的,除非你一直在添加带有大小写的表(一个坏主意),在这种情况下你需要使用像= "MyTable"
这样的东西。
具体来说,desc
等同于我从ss64偷来的以下内容,这是一个很好的Oracle资源:
select column_name as "Name"
, nullable as "Null?"
, concat(concat(concat(data_type,'('),data_length),')') as "Type"
from user_tab_columns
where table_name = 'MY_TABLE';
您可以select * from dictionary
找到所有这类视图,这是data dictionary的顶级或查看documentation。
还有DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
,它与ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
相同,但是对于数据库中的每个表。这假设您具有查看它和表的权限。如果您无权访问此表,则需要让DBA授予您SELECT ANY DICTIONARY
权限。
答案 1 :(得分:14)
您还可以检索可用于重新创建表的整个命令:
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','<my table name>','<table owner>') from dual;
答案 2 :(得分:1)
Oracle有一个包含有关数据库结构的元数据的集合表。有一张桌子。一张表。列表。您可以使用USER_TABLES(架构中的表),ALL_TABLES(您有权查看的表),DBA_TABLES(所有表,如果您拥有权限)等视图查询这些表。更一般地,许多数据库供应商支持“信息模式”,其提供跨供应商的元数据的一致视图。在此处搜索“ALL_TABLES”并查看所有其他可用信息http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28320/toc.htm
答案 3 :(得分:1)
Oracle SQLcl中新引入的是information
命令或简称为INFO table_name
。
它有一个简单的语法,如DESC[RIBE]
:
SQL> info
INFORMATION
--------
This command is like describe but with more details about the objects requested.
INFO[RMATION] {[schema.]object[@connect_identifier]}
INFO+ will show column statistics
与DESCRIBE
相比,它的输出更优越,更具描述性。它列出了有关表,视图或同义词的列定义或函数或过程的规范的更详细信息。
例如:这是我在 SQLcl:Release 18.1.1 中运行的输出
<强> info employees
强>
SQL> info employees;
TABLE: EMPLOYEES
LAST ANALYZED:2018-05-26 15:07:58.0
ROWS :107
SAMPLE SIZE :107
INMEMORY :DISABLED
COMMENTS :employees table. Contains 107 rows. References with departments,
jobs, job_history tables. Contains a self reference.
Columns
NAME DATA TYPE NULL DEFAULT COMMENTS
*EMPLOYEE_ID NUMBER(6,0) No Primary key of employees table.
FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) Yes First name of the employee. A not null column.
LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(25 BYTE) No Last name of the employee. A not null column.
EMAIL VARCHAR2(25 BYTE) No Email id of the employee
PHONE_NUMBER VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) Yes Phone number of the employee; includes country
code and area code
HIRE_DATE DATE No Date when the employee started on this job. A not
null column.
JOB_ID VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) No Current job of the employee; foreign key to job_id
column of the jobs table. A not null column.
SALARY NUMBER(8,2) Yes Monthly salary of the employee. Must be greater
than zero (enforced by constraint emp_salary_min)
COMMISSION_PCT NUMBER(2,2) Yes Commission percentage of the employee; Only
employees in sales department elgible for
commission percentage
MANAGER_ID NUMBER(6,0) Yes Manager id of the employee; has same domain as
manager_id in departments table. Foreign key to
employee_id column of employees table.(useful for
reflexive joins and CONNECT BY query)
DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER(4,0) Yes Department id where employee works; foreign key to
department_id column of the departments table
Indexes
INDEX_NAME UNIQUENESS STATUS FUNCIDX_STATUS COLUMNS
HR.EMP_JOB_IX NONUNIQUE VALID JOB_ID
HR.EMP_NAME_IX NONUNIQUE VALID LAST_NAME, FIRST_NAME
HR.EMP_EMAIL_UK UNIQUE VALID EMAIL
HR.EMP_EMP_ID_PK UNIQUE VALID EMPLOYEE_ID
HR.EMP_MANAGER_IX NONUNIQUE VALID MANAGER_ID
HR.EMP_DEPARTMENT_IX NONUNIQUE VALID DEPARTMENT_ID
References
TABLE_NAME CONSTRAINT_NAME DELETE_RULE STATUS DEFERRABLE VALIDATED GENERATED
DEPARTMENTS DEPT_MGR_FK NO ACTION ENABLED NOT DEFERRABLE VALIDATED USER NAME
EMPLOYEES EMP_MANAGER_FK NO ACTION ENABLED NOT DEFERRABLE VALIDATED USER NAME
JOB_HISTORY JHIST_EMP_FK NO ACTION ENABLED NOT DEFERRABLE VALIDATED USER NAME
以下是info+
的屏幕截图: