我正在尝试使用Django开发一个网站,遵循各种指南,文档和谷歌。我设置了一些需要访问images / css文件的平面页面。
我的settings.py文件如下所示:
# Django settings for FirstBlog project.
DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG
ADMINS = (
# ('Your Name', 'your_email@example.com'),
)
MANAGERS = ADMINS
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'postgresql', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
'NAME': 'db', # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
'USER': '', # Not used with sqlite3.
'PASSWORD': '', # Not used with sqlite3.
'HOST': '', # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
'PORT': '', # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
}
}
# Local time zone for this installation. Choices can be found here:
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_zones_by_name
# although not all choices may be available on all operating systems.
# On Unix systems, a value of None will cause Django to use the same
# timezone as the operating system.
# If running in a Windows environment this must be set to the same as your
# system time zone.
TIME_ZONE = 'America/Chicago'
# Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here:
# http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
SITE_ID = 3
# If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not
# to load the internationalization machinery.
USE_I18N = True
# If you set this to False, Django will not format dates, numbers and
# calendars according to the current locale
USE_L10N = True
# Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = ''
# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://media.lawrence.com/media/", "http://example.com/media/"
MEDIA_URL = ''
# Absolute path to the directory static files should be collected to.
# Don't put anything in this directory yourself; store your static files
# in apps' "static/" subdirectories and in STATICFILES_DIRS.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/static/"
STATIC_ROOT = '/export/mailgrp4_a/sc10jbr/WWWdev/FirstBlog/djangostatic/'
# URL prefix for static files.
# Example: "http://media.lawrence.com/static/"
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# URL prefix for admin static files -- CSS, JavaScript and images.
# Make sure to use a trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://foo.com/static/admin/", "/static/admin/".
ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = '/static/admin/'
# Additional locations of static files
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
'/export/mailgrp4_a/sc10jbr/WWWdev/FirstBlog/static/',
# Put strings here, like "/home/html/static" or "C:/www/django/static".
# Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
# Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)
# List of finder classes that know how to find static files in
# various locations.
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
# 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
)
# Make this unique, and don't share it with anybody.
SECRET_KEY = 'nc*v+e13e#!b+dq9mh-vwi0smy#r97#by1w7pvc36ez$j%rz1b'
# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
# 'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
)
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.contrib.flatpages.middleware.FlatpageFallbackMiddleware',
)
ROOT_URLCONF = 'FirstBlog.urls'
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
'/export/mailgrp4_a/sc10jbr/WWWdev/FirstBlog/templates',
# Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
# Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
# Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'FirstBlog.blog',
'django.contrib.flatpages',
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
'django.contrib.admin',
# Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
'django.contrib.admindocs',
)
# A sample logging configuration. The only tangible logging
# performed by this configuration is to send an email to
# the site admins on every HTTP 500 error.
# See http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/logging for
# more details on how to customize your logging configuration.
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'handlers': {
'mail_admins': {
'level': 'ERROR',
'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler'
}
},
'loggers': {
'django.request': {
'handlers': ['mail_admins'],
'level': 'ERROR',
'propagate': True,
},
}
}
我已将我的图片/ css文件放在FirstBlog/static/images
和/css
中。我运行了命令
python manage.py collectstatic
将我的所有文件都放在FirstBlog/djangostatic
。
我正在尝试使用标记来访问我的flatpage index.html中的图片:
src="{{ /static/ }}images/header.png"
我已将此行添加到我的urls.py文件中:
url(r'^static/(.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root':settings.STATIC_PATH}),
这给了我以下错误:
Name Error at /static
name 'settings' is not defined
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/static
Django Version: 1.3.1
Exception Type: NameError
Exception Value:
name 'settings' is not defined
Exception Location: /home/cserv2_a/soc_ug/sc10jbr/WWWdev/FirstBlog/../FirstBlog/urls.py in <module>, line 19
对不起,如果这很明显,我花了好几个小时在网上看。
提前致谢
答案 0 :(得分:23)
Django是一个很棒的系统。功能丰富,但仍然简单,优雅和非常好的文档,有很好的例子.....除了静态内容之外的一切。我们在每个新的Django项目上都很努力。但我们最近解决了这个问题,我们认为这是“推荐”的方式。
要记住的关键知识是Django不想直接提供静态内容。它希望您将其卸载到底层Web服务器(例如Apache)。有很多方法可以强制Django为您服务 - 您甚至可能认为在一个通用平台上完成所有服务是个好主意。但请接受我的话 - 你后悔这会后悔,并希望你只是遵循Django的建议。
短篇小说:
这些设置位于'settings.py'
将 STATIC_ROOT 设置为您希望保留静态内容的完整文件系统路径。我推荐在常规Web应用程序目录之外的某个地方。请记住,Apache将直接提供此服务,您不希望在您的脚下打开安全问题。
设置 STATIC_ROOT ='/ usr / local / static / MyProject /'#include尾部斜杠
设置 STATIC_URL ='/ static /'#没理由太喜欢这个
设置 ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX ='/ static / admin /'#不要忘记这个
确保设置了默认的 STATICFILES_FINDERS :
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
)
确保 INSTALLED_APPS 设置包含'django.contrib.staticfiles'
确保 TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS 包含'django.core.context_processors.static'
---- NEXT ----
您需要将Apache配置为直接为静态内容提供服务。在 VirtualHost 节中,添加如下内容:
Alias /static/ /usr/local/static/MyProject/
注意:使用设置 STATIC_ROOT
时使用的相同路径替换上面的路径---- NEXT ----
在每个应用程序文件夹中,您希望添加到 STATIC_ROOT 的任何内容都会收集到名为“static /”的子文件夹中。例如,如果你有一个名为'controller'的应用程序,你应该有一个看起来像'controller / static'的路径
然后从Django项目文件夹的顶部运行manage.py的'collectstatic'子命令。我们通常创建一个脚本并运行它:
#!/usr/bin/sh
# Scrtipt to collect django static files together.
#
# --link Create a symbolic link to each file instead of copying.
# --noinput Do NOT prompt the user for input of any kind.
#
python manage.py collectstatic -link --noinput
exit 0
就是这样
您不需要在urls.py中创建任何条目 - Django永远不会看到这些请求,因此添加路由条目毫无意义。
下行
上述方法的一大缺点是,它使用Django testserver应用程序失败了。我们从不将它用于任何工作,并且由于我们的最终结果将始终发布到Apache,我们发现最好只在那里开发。如果你依赖'testserver' - 有很多方法可以解决这个问题。但是你需要稍微挖掘一下Django docs https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/static-files/
祝你好运答案 1 :(得分:1)
请检查是否在urls.py中导入了设置模块
答案 2 :(得分:0)
添加到urls.py的开头
来自django.conf导入设置