成员方法,模块,类变量及其范围......试图弄清楚如何使用它们

时间:2012-03-21 02:09:19

标签: python sqlite scope

所以MainApp.py中的一些代码就像这样,我关注的是DBQuery发生的地方。 DB302.py与MainApp.py位于同一文件夹中,并包含一个名为DB302的类,其成员方法查询如下所示。为什么它仅在我使用DB302.DB302.query(DBQuery...) DBQuery DB302.DB302...已经是DBQuery = DB302.DB302()的实例时才有效?有没有办法不必首先使用,实例DBQuery = DB302而不只是{ {1}}并且还能够将它用作`DBQuery.query(Instance,var1,var2)。

我的第二个问题涉及在DB302.py中使用self.method or variable。我是否正确使用过它们?我现在正在ThrowsU()出现,并且无法弄清楚原因。我的数据库已设置为正常工作,我可以通过python终端访问它。 Id是主键,我为每个测试用例递增它。

#MainApp.py
import DB302

class MainApp(object):

@cherrypy.expose
def default(self, *args, **kwargs):     
    page = "<b>&quot;args&quot; has %d variables</b><br/>\n" % len(args)
    for x in xrange(0, len(args)):
        if args[x] == "":
            page += "<i>error</i>\n"
        else:
            page += args[x] + "<br/>\n"

    page += "<b>&quot;cherrypy.request.params&quot; has %d variablez</b><br/>\n" % len(cherrypy.request.params)
    for key, value in cherrypy.request.params.items():
        if cherrypy.request.params[key] == "":
            page += "<i>empty</i>\n"
        elif key == "username":
            DBQuery = DB302.DB302()
            data = DB302.DB302.query(DBQuery, 'SELECT * FROM test', 'SELECT')
        else:
            page += key + " = " + value + "<br/>\n"

    page += """
            <form name="form1" method="POST" action="/testURL/part2">
                <input name="username" type="text" maxlength="256" autocomplete="off">
                </input>
            </form>
            """

    return page

#DB302.py
import sqlite3

class DB302(object):

    def __init__(self):
        print "<b>Within DB302</b><br/>\n"

    def throws(self):
        raise RuntimeError('Connection to DB failed, terminating...')

    def throwsQ(self):
        raise RuntimeError('Error in DB query, terminating...')

    def throwsU(self):
        raise RuntimeError('Unknown DB error encountered...')

    def connect(self):
        # Where the DB connection will be made
        CS302="<!-- Private -->" # The datbase file is on my desktop

        try:
            DBCon=sqlite3.connect(CS302)
            cursor=DBCon.cursor()
            return True
        except IOError:
            self.throws()
        except:
            self.throwsU()
        else:
            return False

    def disconnect(self):
        # Used to disconnect...

        try:
            self.cursor.close()
            return True
        except IOError:
            self.throws()
        except:
            self.throwsU()
        else:
            return False

    def query(self, queryString, queryType):
        # Queries will be made here

        if self.connect():
            try:
                self.cursor.execute(queryString)
                if queryType == "SELECT":
                    # return all the rows if there's a select query
                    allRows = self.cursor.fetchall()
                    return allRows
                elif queryType == "DELETE":
                    # return affected rows if there's a deletion
                    rowsAffected = self.cursor.rowcount()
                    self.DBCon.commit()
                    return rowsAffected
                elif queryType == "INSERT":
                    # return true if success
                    self.DBCon.commit()
                    return True
                elif queryType == "CREATE":
                    self.DBCon.commit()
                    return True
                else:
                    return False
            except IOError:
                self.throwsQ()
            except:
                self.throwsU()
        else:
            return False

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

为了让您更轻松地调用您的类方法:

from DB302 import DB302 as DBQuery
...
DBQuery.query(Arg1, Arg2)

对于你的第二个问题:
在可能的情况下,您应该避免使用所谓的“裸”except,即except: 这种令人愉快的结构具有令人遗憾的特性,即使调试变得更加困难。

所以我建议改为采纳这里的建议:http://wiki.python.org/moin/HandlingExceptions
并以打印出异常信息的方式捕获所有异常:

import sys
...
    except:
        e = sys.exc_info()[1]
        print e

我还注意到您的自定义例外不会从Exception继承 这个问题和随附的答案可能提供一些见解:Proper way to declare custom exceptions in modern Python?