我有IList
个视图模型绑定到TabControl
。此IList
在TabControl
的生命周期内不会发生变化。
<TabControl ItemsSource="{Binding Tabs}" SelectedIndex="0" >
<TabControl.ItemContainerStyle>
<Style TargetType="TabItem">
<Setter Property="Content" Value="{Binding}" />
</Style>
</TabControl.ItemContainerStyle>
</TabControl>
每个视图模型都有一个DataTemplate
,在ResourceDictionary
中指定。
<DataTemplate TargetType={x:Type vm:MyViewModel}>
<v:MyView/>
</DataTemplate>
DataTemplate中指定的每个视图都是资源密集型,足以创建我只想创建每个视图一次,但是当我切换选项卡时,会调用相关视图的构造函数。根据我的阅读,这是TabControl
的预期行为,但我不清楚调用构造函数的机制是什么。
我已经看了a similar question which uses UserControl
s但是那里提供的解决方案需要我绑定到不受欢迎的视图。
答案 0 :(得分:40)
默认情况下,TabControl
共享一个面板以呈现其内容。要做你想要的(以及许多其他WPF开发人员),你需要像这样扩展TabControl
:
<强> TabControlEx.cs 强>
[TemplatePart(Name = "PART_ItemsHolder", Type = typeof(Panel))]
public class TabControlEx : TabControl
{
private Panel ItemsHolderPanel = null;
public TabControlEx()
: base()
{
// This is necessary so that we get the initial databound selected item
ItemContainerGenerator.StatusChanged += ItemContainerGenerator_StatusChanged;
}
/// <summary>
/// If containers are done, generate the selected item
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void ItemContainerGenerator_StatusChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (this.ItemContainerGenerator.Status == GeneratorStatus.ContainersGenerated)
{
this.ItemContainerGenerator.StatusChanged -= ItemContainerGenerator_StatusChanged;
UpdateSelectedItem();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Get the ItemsHolder and generate any children
/// </summary>
public override void OnApplyTemplate()
{
base.OnApplyTemplate();
ItemsHolderPanel = GetTemplateChild("PART_ItemsHolder") as Panel;
UpdateSelectedItem();
}
/// <summary>
/// When the items change we remove any generated panel children and add any new ones as necessary
/// </summary>
/// <param name="e"></param>
protected override void OnItemsChanged(NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
base.OnItemsChanged(e);
if (ItemsHolderPanel == null)
return;
switch (e.Action)
{
case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset:
ItemsHolderPanel.Children.Clear();
break;
case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add:
case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove:
if (e.OldItems != null)
{
foreach (var item in e.OldItems)
{
ContentPresenter cp = FindChildContentPresenter(item);
if (cp != null)
ItemsHolderPanel.Children.Remove(cp);
}
}
// Don't do anything with new items because we don't want to
// create visuals that aren't being shown
UpdateSelectedItem();
break;
case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Replace:
throw new NotImplementedException("Replace not implemented yet");
}
}
protected override void OnSelectionChanged(SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
base.OnSelectionChanged(e);
UpdateSelectedItem();
}
private void UpdateSelectedItem()
{
if (ItemsHolderPanel == null)
return;
// Generate a ContentPresenter if necessary
TabItem item = GetSelectedTabItem();
if (item != null)
CreateChildContentPresenter(item);
// show the right child
foreach (ContentPresenter child in ItemsHolderPanel.Children)
child.Visibility = ((child.Tag as TabItem).IsSelected) ? Visibility.Visible : Visibility.Collapsed;
}
private ContentPresenter CreateChildContentPresenter(object item)
{
if (item == null)
return null;
ContentPresenter cp = FindChildContentPresenter(item);
if (cp != null)
return cp;
// the actual child to be added. cp.Tag is a reference to the TabItem
cp = new ContentPresenter();
cp.Content = (item is TabItem) ? (item as TabItem).Content : item;
cp.ContentTemplate = this.SelectedContentTemplate;
cp.ContentTemplateSelector = this.SelectedContentTemplateSelector;
cp.ContentStringFormat = this.SelectedContentStringFormat;
cp.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;
cp.Tag = (item is TabItem) ? item : (this.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromItem(item));
ItemsHolderPanel.Children.Add(cp);
return cp;
}
private ContentPresenter FindChildContentPresenter(object data)
{
if (data is TabItem)
data = (data as TabItem).Content;
if (data == null)
return null;
if (ItemsHolderPanel == null)
return null;
foreach (ContentPresenter cp in ItemsHolderPanel.Children)
{
if (cp.Content == data)
return cp;
}
return null;
}
protected TabItem GetSelectedTabItem()
{
object selectedItem = base.SelectedItem;
if (selectedItem == null)
return null;
TabItem item = selectedItem as TabItem;
if (item == null)
item = base.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromIndex(base.SelectedIndex) as TabItem;
return item;
}
}
<强> XAML 强>
<Style TargetType="{x:Type controls:TabControlEx}">
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type TabControl}">
<Grid Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" ClipToBounds="True" KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Local" SnapsToDevicePixels="True">
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition x:Name="ColumnDefinition0" />
<ColumnDefinition x:Name="ColumnDefinition1" Width="0" />
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition x:Name="RowDefinition0" Height="Auto" />
<RowDefinition x:Name="RowDefinition1" Height="*" />
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<DockPanel Margin="2,2,0,0" LastChildFill="False">
<TabPanel x:Name="HeaderPanel" Margin="0,0,0,-1" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Panel.ZIndex="1" DockPanel.Dock="Right"
IsItemsHost="True" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="1" />
</DockPanel>
<Border x:Name="ContentPanel" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0"
Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
KeyboardNavigation.DirectionalNavigation="Contained" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="2" KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Local">
<Grid x:Name="PART_ItemsHolder" Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" />
</Border>
</Grid>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
注意:我没有想出这个解决方案。它已经在编程论坛上分享了好几年,并且相信它现在是WPF食谱书籍之一。我认为最古老或最原始的来源是PluralSight .NET blog post和answer on StackOverflow。
HTH,
答案 1 :(得分:7)
Dennis
的答案非常棒,对我来说非常好。但是,他的帖子中提到的原始文章现在已经丢失,因此他的答案需要更多信息才能开箱即用。
这个答案是从MVVM的角度给出的,并在VS 2013下进行了测试。
首先,有点背景知识。 Dennis
的第一个答案的工作方式是,每次用户切换标签时,它都会隐藏并显示标签内容,而不是销毁和重新创建标签内容。
这具有以下优点:
<强> TabControlEx.cs 强>
// Copy C# code from @Dennis's answer, and add the following property after the
// opening "<Style" tag (this sets the key for the style):
// x:Key="TabControlExStyle"
// Ensure that the namespace for this class is the same as your DataContext.
这与DataContext指向的同一个类。
<强> XAML 强>
// Copy XAML from @Dennis's answer.
这是一种风格。它进入XAML文件的标题。此样式永远不会更改,并且由所有选项卡控件引用。
原始标签
您的原始标签可能如下所示。如果切换标签,您会注意到编辑框的内容将消失,因为标签的内容将被删除并重新创建。
<TabControl
behaviours:TabControlBehaviour.DoSetSelectedTab="True"
IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True">
<TabItem Header="Tab 1">
<TextBox>Hello</TextBox>
</TabItem>
<TabItem Header="Tab 2" >
<TextBox>Hello 2</TextBox>
</TabItem>
自定义标签
更改标签以使用我们新的自定义C#类,并使用Style
标记将其指向我们的新自定义样式:
<sdm:TabControlEx
behaviours:TabControlBehaviour.DoSetSelectedTab="True"
IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True"
Style="{StaticResource TabControlExStyle}">
<TabItem Header="Tab 1">
<TextBox>Hello</TextBox>
</TabItem>
<TabItem Header="Tab 2" >
<TextBox>Hello 2</TextBox>
</TabItem>
现在,当您切换标签时,您会发现保留了编辑框的内容,这证明一切正常。
<强>更新强>
此解决方案非常有效。但是,有一种更加模块化和MVVM友好的方式来执行此操作,它使用附加行为来实现相同的结果。见Code Project: WPF TabControl: Turning Off Tab Virtualization。我已将此作为补充答案添加。
<强>更新强>
如果您正在使用DevExpress
,则可以使用CacheAllTabs
选项获得相同的效果(这会关闭标签虚拟化):
<dx:DXTabControl TabContentCacheMode="CacheAllTabs">
<dx:DXTabItem Header="Tab 1" >
<TextBox>Hello</TextBox>
</dx:DXTabItem>
<dx:DXTabItem Header="Tab 2">
<TextBox>Hello 2</TextBox>
</dx:DXTabItem>
</dx:DXTabControl>
为了记录,我与DevExpress无关,我确信Telerik具有同等效力。
答案 2 :(得分:3)
@Dennis现有的解决方案(以及@Gravitas的附加说明)效果非常好。
然而,还有另一种解决方案,它更模块化,MVVM友好,因为它使用附加行为来实现相同的结果。
见Code Project: WPF TabControl: Turning Off Tab Virtualization。由于作者是路透社的技术主管,因此代码可能很扎实。
演示代码非常合理,它显示了一个常规TabControl,以及附加行为的那个。
答案 3 :(得分:1)
请在SO中查看我的回答。希望它能解决问题,但它有点偏离MVVM的道路。 Link
答案 4 :(得分:0)
有一个不是很明显但很优雅的解决方案。主要思想是通过自定义转换器手动生成TabItem的VisualTree for Content属性。
定义一些资源
<Window.Resources>
<converters:ContentGeneratorConverter x:Key="ContentGeneratorConverter"/>
<DataTemplate x:Key="ItemDataTemplate">
<StackPanel>
<TextBox Text="Try to change this text and choose another tab"/>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding}"/>
</StackPanel>
</DataTemplate>
<markup:Set x:Key="Items">
<system:String>Red</system:String>
<system:String>Green</system:String>
<system:String>Blue</system:String>
</markup:Set>
</Window.Resources>
其中
public class ContentGeneratorConverter : IValueConverter
{
public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
{
var control = new ContentControl {ContentTemplate = (DataTemplate) parameter};
control.SetBinding(ContentControl.ContentProperty, new Binding());
return control;
}
public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture) =>
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
然后Set就是这样
public class Set : List<object> { }
然后改为经典使用ContentTemplate属性
<TabControl
ItemsSource="{StaticResource Items}"
ContentTemplate="{StaticResource ItemDataTemplate}">
</TabControl>
我们应该通过以下方式指定ItemContainerStyle
<TabControl
ItemsSource="{StaticResource Items}">
<TabControl.ItemContainerStyle>
<Style TargetType="TabItem" BasedOn="{StaticResource {x:Type TabItem}}">
<Setter Property="Content" Value="{Binding Converter={StaticResource ContentGeneratorConverter}, ConverterParameter={StaticResource ItemDataTemplate}}"/>
</Style>
</TabControl.ItemContainerStyle>
</TabControl>
现在,尝试比较两种变体,以查看选项卡切换期间ItemDataTemplate处TextBox行为的差异。