我得到需要转换为.pem文件的外部.p12文件 - 我在此过程中添加了用户名和密码。 （我需要这样做才能使用第三方API。）
使用openssl，命令是......
openssl pkcs12 -export -in xxxx.pem -inkey xxxx.pem -out xxx.p12 -passout pas:newpassword -name "newname"
我可以从终端会话运行它，它完美无缺。
但是，我需要经常这样做，并编写了一个Java类来处理这个问题以及更多问题（我的应用程序主要是.jsp与Tomcat和Apache）。当我尝试使用Runtime.exec从Java运行相同的命令时，我得到了可怕的“无法写入'随机状态'”错误（Using OpenSSL what does "unable to write 'random state'" mean?）。
我认为不同之处在于，当我从Java运行时，用户不是“root”。
那么，有没有更好的方法使用Java库从pem转换为.p12而不是执行命令行程序（即openssl）？
否则，我想我需要在服务器上进行一些配置。我在服务器上的任何地方都找不到任何.md文件。唯一的openssl.cnf文件位于一个奇怪的目录（/etc/pki/tls）中。我是否需要在其他地方创建新的openssl.cnf文件？
答案 0 :(得分：14)
这应该做你想做的事情（使用上面建议的BouncyCastle PEMReader） - 获取PEM编码的私钥+证书，并输出PKCS＃12文件。使用与用于保护私钥的PKCS12相同的密码。
public static byte[] pemToPKCS12(final String keyFile, final String cerFile, final String password) throws Exception {
// Get the private key
FileReader reader = new FileReader(keyFile);
PEMReader pem = new PEMReader(reader, new PasswordFinder() {
@Override public char[] getPassword() {
return password.toCharArray();
}
});
PrivateKey key = ((KeyPair)pem.readObject()).getPrivate();
pem.close();
reader.close();
// Get the certificate
reader = new FileReader(cerFile);
pem = new PEMReader(reader);
X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate)pem.readObject();
pem.close();
reader.close();
// Put them into a PKCS12 keystore and write it to a byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
ks.load(null);
ks.setKeyEntry("alias", (Key)key, password.toCharArray(), new java.security.cert.Certificate[]{cert});
ks.store(bos, password.toCharArray());
bos.close();
return bos.toByteArray();
}
答案 1 :(得分：2)
基于@MugglesMerriweather的回答，v1.51的更新版本如下：
public static byte[] convertPEMToPKCS12(final String keyFile, final String cerFile,
final String password)
throws IOException, CertificateException, KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException
{
// Get the private key
FileReader reader = new FileReader(keyFile);
PEMParser pem = new PEMParser(reader);
PEMKeyPair pemKeyPair = ((PEMKeyPair)pem.readObject());
JcaPEMKeyConverter jcaPEMKeyConverter = new JcaPEMKeyConverter().setProvider("SC");
KeyPair keyPair = jcaPEMKeyConverter.getKeyPair(pemKeyPair);
PrivateKey key = keyPair.getPrivate();
pem.close();
reader.close();
// Get the certificate
reader = new FileReader(cerFile);
pem = new PEMParser(reader);
X509CertificateHolder certHolder = (X509CertificateHolder) pem.readObject();
java.security.cert.Certificate X509Certificate =
new JcaX509CertificateConverter().setProvider("SC")
.getCertificate(certHolder);
pem.close();
reader.close();
// Put them into a PKCS12 keystore and write it to a byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
ks.load(null);
ks.setKeyEntry("alias", (Key) key, password.toCharArray(),
new java.security.cert.Certificate[]{X509Certificate});
ks.store(bos, password.toCharArray());
bos.close();
return bos.toByteArray();
}
答案 2 :(得分：1)
在Java中，使用Bouncycastle但要注意，学习曲线很陡，文档很少。我强烈建议您查看作为源代码分发的一部分提供的示例
从PemReader开始。
答案 3 :(得分：0)
根据答案，我创建了一个java 7类，它处理创建有效SSLContext的所有内容。它还创造了必要的链条。 TODO：必要时是Trustmanager。
public final class SSL_Context {
private static SSL_Context instance = new SSL_Context();
public static SSL_Context getInstance() {
return instance;
}
private SSLContext sslContext = null;
private SSL_Context() {
try {
sslContext = generateSSLContext();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
ErrorLogger.logException(e);
}
}
final private void dumpKeyStore(KeyStore keyStore)
{
try {
// List the aliases
Enumeration aliases = keyStore.aliases();
for (; aliases.hasMoreElements(); ) {
String alias = (String) aliases.nextElement();
// Does alias refer to a private key?
boolean a = keyStore.isKeyEntry(alias);
// Does alias refer to a trusted certificate?
boolean b = keyStore.isCertificateEntry(alias);
ErrorLogger.log(alias + " " + a + " " + b, 2);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
ErrorLogger.logException(e);
}
}
final private KeyStore convertPEMToPKCS12(final String keyAndPubFile, final String chainFile, final String password) {
try {
Security.addProvider(new org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider());
PrivateKey key;
Certificate pubCert;
try (FileReader reader = new FileReader(keyAndPubFile);
PEMParser pem = new PEMParser(reader)) {
PEMKeyPair pemKeyPair = ((PEMKeyPair) pem.readObject());
JcaPEMKeyConverter jcaPEMKeyConverter = new JcaPEMKeyConverter().setProvider("BC");
KeyPair keyPair = jcaPEMKeyConverter.getKeyPair(pemKeyPair);
key = keyPair.getPrivate();
X509CertificateHolder certHolder = (X509CertificateHolder) pem.readObject();
pubCert = new JcaX509CertificateConverter().setProvider("BC").getCertificate(certHolder);
}
// Get the certificates
try (FileReader reader = new FileReader(chainFile);
PEMParser pem = new PEMParser(reader)) {
//load all certs
LinkedList<Certificate> certsll = new LinkedList<>();
X509CertificateHolder certHolder = (X509CertificateHolder) pem.readObject();
do {
Certificate X509Certificate = new JcaX509CertificateConverter().setProvider("BC").getCertificate(certHolder);
certsll.add(X509Certificate);
}
while ((certHolder = (X509CertificateHolder) pem.readObject()) != null);
Certificate[] chain = new Certificate[certsll.size()+1];
chain[0] = pubCert;
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
ks.load(null);
int i = 1;
for (Certificate cert : certsll) {
ks.setCertificateEntry("chain" + i, cert);
chain[i] = ks.getCertificate("chain" + i);
i++;
}
ks.setKeyEntry("cert", key, password.toCharArray(), chain);
return ks;
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
ErrorLogger.logException(e);
}
return null;
}
final private SSLContext generateSSLContext()
{
String keyStorePassword = "";
try {
KeyStore keyStore = convertPEMToPKCS12("ssl/keyandcert.pem", "ssl/ca_bundle.crt", keyStorePassword);
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1");
KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, keyStorePassword.toCharArray());
sslContext.init(keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers(), null, new SecureRandom());
return sslContext;
} catch (Exception e) {
ErrorLogger.logException(e);
}
return null;
}
final public SSLContext getContext() {
return sslContext;
}
final public static void main(String args[])
{
getInstance().getContext();
}
}
答案 4 :(得分：0)
此解决方案是@ sascha-arthur的改编版，可适应：
代码：
String alias="myalias";
char[] password = "mypassword".toCharArray();
// Private Key
PEMParser pem = new PEMParser(new FileReader(keyFile));
Object parsedObject = pem.readObject();
PrivateKeyInfo privateKeyInfo = parsedObject instanceof PEMKeyPair ? ((PEMKeyPair)parsedObject).getPrivateKeyInfo() : (PrivateKeyInfo)parsedObject;
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec privateKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKeyInfo.getEncoded());
KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
PrivateKey key = factory.generatePrivate(privateKeySpec);
List<X509Certificate> certs = new ArrayList<>();
X509CertificateHolder certHolder = (X509CertificateHolder)pem.readObject();
if(certHolder != null) {
certs.add(new JcaX509CertificateConverter().setProvider("BC").getCertificate(certHolder));
}
// Certificate
pem = new PEMParser(new FileReader(certFile));
while((certHolder = (X509CertificateHolder)pem.readObject()) != null) {
certs.add(new JcaX509CertificateConverter().setProvider("BC").getCertificate(certHolder));
}
// Keystore
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
ks.load(null);
for (int i = 0; i < certs.size(); i++) {
ks.setCertificateEntry(alias + "_" + i, certs.get(i));
}
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
keyStore.load(null);
keyStore.setKeyEntry(alias, key, password, certs.toArray(new X509Certificate[certs.size()]));
要使其与LetsEncrypt证书一起使用，您需要使用以下文件：
privkey.pem fullchain.pem