我是一个名为' test'的简单MySQL表。有两列:
我根据' textcol'在表格中创建了一个索引。柱。但是,ORDER BY查询似乎没有使用索引,即在textcol上使用ORDER BY的简单查询上的EXPLAIN语句在其输出的Key列中显示NULL,并且还使用filesort。
任何有助于对ORDER by query使用索引进行更改的指针对我都有用。
MySQL版本由" mysql --version'给出命令:
mysql Ver 14.14使用readline 6.2为debian-linux-gnu(x86_64)分发5.1.58
mysql> CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, PRIMARY KEY(id), textcol VARCHAR(3000));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> DESCRIBE test;
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| textcol | varchar(3000) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE INDEX textcolindex ON test (textcol);
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.06 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM test;
+-------+------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+-------+------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| test | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| test | 1 | textcolindex | 1 | textcol | A | NULL | 1000 | NULL | YES | BTREE | |
+-------+------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO test (textcol) VALUES ('test1');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO test (textcol) VALUES ('test2');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO test (textcol) VALUES ('test3');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO test (textcol) VALUES ('test4');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM test ORDER BY textcol;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | test | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 4 | Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM test ORDER BY id;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | test | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 4 | Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
答案 0 :(得分:9)
由于必须加载整个表来回答查询并且排序4个元素很便宜,查询优化器可能只是避免触及索引。是否还会在较大的表格中出现?
请注意,varchar(3000)列不能作为覆盖索引,因为MySQL不会包含多于索引中varchar的前768个字节。
如果您希望查询只读取索引,则索引必须包含您SELECT
中的每个列。在innodb上,一旦你使textcol足够小,它应该开始为你的双列表工作;在MyISAM上,您需要自己包含主键列,例如CREATE INDEX textcolindex ON test (textcol,id);
答案 1 :(得分:5)
关于ORDER BY优化的一些有用的文章:
http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2006/09/01/order-by-limit-performance-optimization/
http://opsmonkey.blogspot.co.uk/2009/03/mysql-query-optimization-for-order-by.html
如上所述,请将varchar保持在767并按顺序添加订单键:
CREATE TABLE test (
id INTEGER NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
textcol VARCHAR(767),
PRIMARY KEY(id),
KEY orderby (`textcol`)
);
要避免filesorts
添加额外的'WHERE'参数,请使用多列索引扩展'orderby'索引键:
CREATE TABLE test (
id INTEGER NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
tom INT(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
gerry INT(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
textcol VARCHAR(767),
PRIMARY KEY(id),
KEY orderby (`tom`,`gerry`, `textcol`)
);
此外:
INSERT INTO test (tom, gerry, textcol) VALUES (1,2,'test4');
INSERT INTO test (tom, gerry, textcol) VALUES (1,2,'test2');
EXPLAIN SELECT id, textcol FROM test WHERE tom = 1 AND gerry =2 ORDER BY textcol;
额外:'使用地点;使用索引'
答案 2 :(得分:3)
我遇到了同样的问题。 MySQL是愚蠢的。 fyi:我有一张超过500,000,000条记录的表格。我想:
@media only screen and (max-width: 767px)
.menu {
display:block;
position: absolute;
z-index: 9999999; /* I gave this value because your menu bar's z-index must be smaller than this. */
margin-top: 15px;
margin-left: 15px;
}
tid是表中的主键,并由mysql自动编入索引。
这需要很长时间,我取消了查询。然后我让mysql"解释"查询并确认它不会使用主键的索引。从mysql中读取了很多文档后,我试图通过" USE INDEX(...)"强制mysql使用索引。和dis也没有用。然后我认识到mysql似乎总是将where子句与order by子句相关联。所以我尝试使用触及索引的条件扩展where子句。我最终得到了:
select * from table order by tid limit 10000000, 10;
其中tid是表中的主键,是一个从1开始的自动增量值。
在我让mysql向我解释查询后,这个工作正常。不料:查询只花了4秒钟。