将文本数据库块分成N个相等的块并保留标题

Question

我有几个大型（3000多万行）文本数据库，我正在使用以下代码进行清理，我需要将文件拆分为100万行或更少，并保留标题行。我看过chunk和itertools，但无法得到明确的解决方案。它是在arcgis模型中使用。

==根据icyrock.com的回复更新代码

import arcpy, os
#fc = arcpy.GetParameter(0)
#chunk_size = arcpy.GetParameter(1) # number of records in each dataset

fc='input.txt'
Name = fc[:fc.rfind('.')]
fl = Name+'_db.txt'

with open(fc) as f:
  lines = f.readlines()
lines[:] = lines[3:]
lines[0] = lines[0].replace('Rx(db)', 'Rx_'+Name)
lines[0] = lines[0].replace('Best Unit', 'Best_Unit')
records = len(lines)
with open(fl, 'w') as f: #where N is the chunk number
  f.write('\n'.join(lines))

with open(fl) as file:
  lines = file.readlines()

headers = lines[0:1]
rest = lines[1:]
chunk_size = 1000000

def chunks(lst, chunk_size):
  for i in xrange(0, len(lst), chunk_size):
    yield lst[i:i + chunk_size]

def write_rows(rows, file):
  for row in rows:
    file.write('%s' % row)

part = 1
for chunk in chunks(rest, chunk_size):
  with open(Name+'_%d' % part+'.txt', 'w') as file:
    write_rows(headers, file)
    write_rows(chunk, file)
  part += 1

有关背景信息，请参阅Remove specific lines from a large text file in python和split a large text (xyz) database into x equal parts。我不再需要基于cygwin的解决方案了，因为它使模型复杂化。我需要一种pythonic方式。我们可以使用“记录”来迭代，但不清楚的是如何在db＃1中指定第1行：999,999，在db＃2等中指定行1,000,0000到1,999,999。如果最后一个数据集小于1米，那就没问题了记录。

500mb文件出错（我有16GB RAM）。

  

Traceback（最近一次调用最后一次）：文件   “P：\ 2012 \ Job_044_DM_Radio_Propogation \工作\测试\ clean_file.py”   第10行，在       lines = f.readlines（）MemoryError

     

    

      

        

记录2249878

      

    

  

上面的记录数量不是内存记录的总记录数（我认为）。

===使用Icyrock的新代码。

块似乎工作正常，但在Arcgis中使用时会出错。

  

开始时间：2012年3月9日星期五17:20:04警告000594：输入功能   1945882430：落在输出几何域之外。警告000595：   d：\ Temp \ cb_vhn007_1.txt_Features1.fid包含完整列表   功能无法复制。

我知道这是一个分块的问题，因为“Make Event Layer”过程在完整的预块数据集中运行良好。

有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

您可以这样做：

with open('file') as file:
  lines = file.readlines()

headers = lines[0:1]
rest = lines[1:]
chunk_size = 4

def chunks(lst, chunk_size):
  for i in xrange(0, len(lst), chunk_size):
    yield lst[i:i + chunk_size]

def write_rows(rows, file):
  for row in rows:
    file.write('%s' % row)

part = 1
for chunk in chunks(rest, chunk_size):
  with open('part%d' % part, 'w') as file:
    write_rows(headers, file)
    write_rows(chunk, file)
  part += 1

这是一个测试运行：

$ cat file && python mkt.py && for p in part*; do echo ---- $p; cat $p; done
header
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
---- part1
header
1
2
3
4
---- part2
header
5
6
7
8
---- part3
header
9
10
11
12
---- part4
header
13
14

显然，根据用户数量更改chunk_size的值以及获取headers的方式。

现金：

• https://stackoverflow.com/a/312464/438544

编辑 - 为了避免内存问题逐行执行此操作，您可以执行以下操作：

from itertools import islice

headers_count = 5
chunk_size = 250000

with open('file') as fin:
  headers = list(islice(fin, headers_count))

  part = 1
  while True:
    line_iter = islice(fin, chunk_size)
    try:
      first_line = line_iter.next()
    except StopIteration:
      break
    with open('part%d' % part, 'w') as fout:
      for line in headers:
        fout.write(line)
      fout.write(first_line)
      for line in line_iter:
        fout.write(line)
    part += 1

现金：

• Python how to read N number of lines at a time

测试用例（将上述内容放在名为mkt2.py的文件中）：

制作一个包含5行标题和1234567行的文件：

with open('file', 'w') as fout:
  for i in range(5):
    fout.write(10 * ('header %d ' % i) + '\n')
  for i in range(1234567):
    fout.write(10 * ('line %d ' % i) + '\n')

要测试的Shell脚本（放入名为rt.sh的文件）：

rm part*
echo ---- file
head -n7 file
tail -n2 file

python mkt2.py

for i in part*; do
  echo ---- $i
  head -n7 $i
  tail -n2 $i
done

示例输出：

$ sh rt.sh 
---- file
header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 
header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 
header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 
header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 
header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 
line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 
line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 
line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 
line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 
---- part1
header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 
header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 
header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 
header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 
header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 
line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 line 0 
line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 line 1 
line 249998 line 249998 line 249998 line 249998 line 249998 line 249998 line 249998 line 249998 line 249998 line 249998 
line 249999 line 249999 line 249999 line 249999 line 249999 line 249999 line 249999 line 249999 line 249999 line 249999 
---- part2
header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 
header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 
header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 
header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 
header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 
line 250000 line 250000 line 250000 line 250000 line 250000 line 250000 line 250000 line 250000 line 250000 line 250000 
line 250001 line 250001 line 250001 line 250001 line 250001 line 250001 line 250001 line 250001 line 250001 line 250001 
line 499998 line 499998 line 499998 line 499998 line 499998 line 499998 line 499998 line 499998 line 499998 line 499998 
line 499999 line 499999 line 499999 line 499999 line 499999 line 499999 line 499999 line 499999 line 499999 line 499999 
---- part3
header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 
header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 
header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 
header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 
header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 
line 500000 line 500000 line 500000 line 500000 line 500000 line 500000 line 500000 line 500000 line 500000 line 500000 
line 500001 line 500001 line 500001 line 500001 line 500001 line 500001 line 500001 line 500001 line 500001 line 500001 
line 749998 line 749998 line 749998 line 749998 line 749998 line 749998 line 749998 line 749998 line 749998 line 749998 
line 749999 line 749999 line 749999 line 749999 line 749999 line 749999 line 749999 line 749999 line 749999 line 749999 
---- part4
header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 
header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 
header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 
header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 
header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 
line 750000 line 750000 line 750000 line 750000 line 750000 line 750000 line 750000 line 750000 line 750000 line 750000 
line 750001 line 750001 line 750001 line 750001 line 750001 line 750001 line 750001 line 750001 line 750001 line 750001 
line 999998 line 999998 line 999998 line 999998 line 999998 line 999998 line 999998 line 999998 line 999998 line 999998 
line 999999 line 999999 line 999999 line 999999 line 999999 line 999999 line 999999 line 999999 line 999999 line 999999 
---- part5
header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 header 0 
header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 header 1 
header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 header 2 
header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 header 3 
header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 header 4 
line 1000000 line 1000000 line 1000000 line 1000000 line 1000000 line 1000000 line 1000000 line 1000000 line 1000000 line 1000000 
line 1000001 line 1000001 line 1000001 line 1000001 line 1000001 line 1000001 line 1000001 line 1000001 line 1000001 line 1000001 
line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 line 1234565 
line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 line 1234566 

上述时间：

real    0m0.935s
user    0m0.708s
sys     0m0.200s

希望这有帮助。