我有一个模型令牌,它有一个字段token_number,我需要自动递增(从1001开始),当且仅当用户不提供它时。问题是,由于用户可以选择提供此字段,因此无法完全查询数据库并请求最大的token_number。我在这个论坛上找到了一个答案,但我确信必须有一个更好的方法来执行它而不是执行SQL语句? Auto increment a non-primary key field in Ruby on Rails
答案 0 :(得分:15)
对我来说有趣的问题。遗憾的是,rails并没有提供自动增加列的方法,因此我们必须采用几乎没有自动化的SQL。我在Rails 3.0.7中尝试使用PostgreSQL作为我的数据库并且它有效并且希望这将是有用的:
为token_number创建序列PGSql Documentation
class CreateTokens < ActiveRecord::Migration
def self.up
create_table :tokens do |t|
t.string :name
t.integer :token_number
t.timestamps
end
execute "CREATE SEQUENCE tokens_token_number_seq START 1001"
end
def self.down
drop_table :tokens
execute "DROP SEQUENCE tokens_token_number_seq"
end
end
现在,由于用户手动设置了token_number,我们只需要在没有设置的情况下生成token_number。 Read about Callbacks here。有了这个,
class Token < ActiveRecord::Base
# Generate the sequence no if not already provided.
before_validation(:on => :create) do
self.application_no = next_seq unless attribute_present?("application_no")
end
private
def next_seq(column = 'application_no')
# This returns a PGresult object [http://rubydoc.info/github/ged/ruby-pg/master/PGresult]
result = Token.connection.execute("SELECT nextval('tokens_token_number_seq')")
result[0]['nextval']
end
end
示例运行。请注意,对于第一个令牌,我没有设置token_number,它会生成token_number序列,并为我分配的第二个令牌。
ruby-1.9.2-p0 > token = Token.new
=> #<Token id: nil, name: nil, token_number: nil, created_at: nil, updated_at: nil>
ruby-1.9.2-p0 > token.save
SQL (0.8ms) BEGIN
SQL (1.7ms) SELECT nextval('tokens_token_number_seq')
SQL (6.6ms) SELECT tablename
FROM pg_tables
WHERE schemaname = ANY (current_schemas(false))
SQL (33.7ms) INSERT INTO "tokens" ("name", "token_number", "created_at", "updated_at") VALUES (NULL, 1001, '2012-03-02 12:04:00.848863', '2012-03-02 12:04:00.848863') RETURNING "id"
SQL (15.9ms) COMMIT
=> true
ruby-1.9.2-p0 > token = Token.new
=> #<Token id: nil, name: nil, token_number: nil, created_at: nil, updated_at: nil>
ruby-1.9.2-p0 > token.token_number = 3000
=> 3000
ruby-1.9.2-p0 > token.save
SQL (0.8ms) BEGIN
SQL (1.5ms) INSERT INTO "tokens" ("name", "token_number", "created_at", "updated_at") VALUES (NULL, 3000, '2012-03-02 12:04:22.924834', '2012-03-02 12:04:22.924834') RETURNING "id"
SQL (19.2ms) COMMIT
=> true
ruby-1.9.2-p0 >
答案 1 :(得分:5)
另一种替代方法是将nextval设置为您的PostgreSQL中的默认值
这使我们无需编写回调
class CreateTokens < ActiveRecord::Migration
def self.up
create_table :tokens do |t|
t.string :name
t.integer :token_number
t.timestamps
end
execute "CREATE SEQUENCE tokens_token_number_seq START 1001"
execute "ALTER TABLE tokens ALTER COLUMN token_number SET DEFAULT NEXTVAL('tokens_token_number_seq')"
end
def self.down
drop_table :tokens
execute "DROP SEQUENCE tokens_token_number_seq"
end
end