我一直在搜索使用c ++生成组合的源代码。我找到了一些高级代码,但这仅适用于特定数量的预定义数据。任何人都可以给我一些提示,或者也许是一些想法来产生组合。例如,假设集合S = {1,2,3,....,n},我们选择r = 2。输入将是n
和r
。在这种情况下,程序将生成长度为2的数组,如5 2输出1 2,1 3等。我很难构建算法。我花了一个月的时间思考这个问题。
答案 0 :(得分:105)
使用std::next_permutation
的简单方法:
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
int main() {
int n, r;
std::cin >> n;
std::cin >> r;
std::vector<bool> v(n);
std::fill(v.end() - r, v.end(), true);
do {
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
if (v[i]) {
std::cout << (i + 1) << " ";
}
}
std::cout << "\n";
} while (std::next_permutation(v.begin(), v.end()));
return 0;
}
或略微变化,以更容易遵循的顺序输出结果:
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
int main() {
int n, r;
std::cin >> n;
std::cin >> r;
std::vector<bool> v(n);
std::fill(v.begin(), v.begin() + r, true);
do {
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
if (v[i]) {
std::cout << (i + 1) << " ";
}
}
std::cout << "\n";
} while (std::prev_permutation(v.begin(), v.end()));
return 0;
}
一点解释:
它的工作原理是创建一个“选择数组”(v
),我们放置r
个选择器,然后我们创建这些选择器的所有排列,并打印相应的set成员(如果在在v
的当前排列中。希望这会有所帮助。
答案 1 :(得分:6)
如果您注意到每个级别 r ,您可以选择一个从1到 n 的数字。
在C ++中,我们需要“手动”保持产生结果的调用之间的状态(组合):因此,我们构建一个在构造时初始化状态的类,并且有一个成员在每次调用时返回组合而有解决方案:例如
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
struct combinations
{
typedef vector<int> combination_t;
// initialize status
combinations(int N, int R) :
completed(N < 1 || R > N),
generated(0),
N(N), R(R)
{
for (int c = 1; c <= R; ++c)
curr.push_back(c);
}
// true while there are more solutions
bool completed;
// count how many generated
int generated;
// get current and compute next combination
combination_t next()
{
combination_t ret = curr;
// find what to increment
completed = true;
for (int i = R - 1; i >= 0; --i)
if (curr[i] < N - R + i + 1)
{
int j = curr[i] + 1;
while (i <= R-1)
curr[i++] = j++;
completed = false;
++generated;
break;
}
return ret;
}
private:
int N, R;
combination_t curr;
};
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int N = argc >= 2 ? atoi(argv[1]) : 5;
int R = argc >= 3 ? atoi(argv[2]) : 2;
combinations cs(N, R);
while (!cs.completed)
{
combinations::combination_t c = cs.next();
copy(c.begin(), c.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, ","));
cout << endl;
}
return cs.generated;
}
测试输出:
1,2,
1,3,
1,4,
1,5,
2,3,
2,4,
2,5,
3,4,
3,5,
4,5,
答案 2 :(得分:5)
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
for(int i=1;i<=5;i++)
for (int j=2;j<=5;j++)
if (i!=j)
cout<<i<<","<<j<<","<<endl;
//or instead of cout... you can put them in a matrix n x 2 and use the solution
答案 3 :(得分:3)
基于algorithms from Prof. Nathan Wodarz的简单而有效的解决方案:
// n choose r combination
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
struct c_unique {
int current;
c_unique() {current=0;}
int operator()() {return ++current;}
} UniqueNumber;
void myfunction (int i) {
std::cout << i << ' ';
}
int main()
{
int n=5;
int r=3;
std::vector<int> myints(r);
std::vector<int>::iterator first = myints.begin(), last = myints.end();
std::generate(first, last, UniqueNumber);
std::for_each(first, last, myfunction);
std::cout << std::endl;
while((*first) != n-r+1){
std::vector<int>::iterator mt = last;
while (*(--mt) == n-(last-mt)+1);
(*mt)++;
while (++mt != last) *mt = *(mt-1)+1;
std::for_each(first, last, myfunction);
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
然后输出是:
1 2 3
1 2 4
1 2 5
1 3 4
1 3 5
1 4 5
2 3 4
2 3 5
2 4 5
3 4 5
答案 4 :(得分:2)
我建议你弄清楚如何在纸上自己做,并从中推断伪代码。之后,您只需要决定编码和存储操纵数据的方式。
例如:
For each result item in result array // 0, 1, ... r
For each item possible // 0, 1, 2, ... n
if current item does not exist in the result array
place item in result array
exit the inner for
end if
end for
end for
答案 5 :(得分:2)
您可以使用递归来选择N + 1种组合,然后选择N组合,然后加1。您添加的1必须始终位于N的最后一个之后,因此如果您的N包含最后一个元素,则没有与之关联的N + 1个组合。
也许不是最有效的解决方案,但它应该有效。
基础案例将选择0或1.您可以选择0并获得空集。从空集中,您可以假设迭代器在元素之间工作而不是在它们之间。
答案 6 :(得分:2)
代码类似于生成二进制数字。保留一个额外的数据结构,一个数组perm [],其索引i的值将告诉是否包含第i个数组元素。并且还保留计数变量。每当count ==组合长度时,都会根据perm []打印元素。
#include<stdio.h>
// a[] : given array of chars
// perm[] : perm[i] is 1 if a[i] is considered, else 0
// index : subscript of perm which is to be 0ed and 1ed
// n : length of the given input array
// k : length of the permuted string
void combinate(char a[], int perm[],int index, int n, int k)
{
static int count = 0;
if( count == k )
{
for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
if( perm[i]==1)
printf("%c",a[i]);
printf("\n");
} else if( (n-index)>= (k-count) ){
perm[index]=1;
count++;
combinate(a,perm,index+1,n,k);
perm[index]=0;
count--;
combinate(a,perm,index+1,n,k);
}
}
int main()
{
char a[] ={'a','b','c','d'};
int perm[4] = {0};
combinate(a,perm,0,4,3);
return 0;
}
答案 7 :(得分:2)
这是一个递归方法,您可以在任何类型上使用它。你可以迭代组合类的实例(例如,带有所有组合的get()向量,每个组合都是对象的向量。这是用C ++ 11编写的。
//combinations.hpp
#include <vector>
template<typename T> class Combinations {
// Combinations(std::vector<T> s, int m) iterate all Combinations without repetition
// from set s of size m s = {0,1,2,3,4,5} all permuations are: {0, 1, 2}, {0, 1,3},
// {0, 1, 4}, {0, 1, 5}, {0, 2, 3}, {0, 2, 4}, {0, 2, 5}, {0, 3, 4}, {0, 3, 5},
// {0, 4, 5}, {1, 2, 3}, {1, 2, 4}, {1, 2, 5}, {1, 3, 4}, {1, 3, 5}, {1, 4, 5},
// {2, 3, 4}, {2, 3, 5}, {2, 4, 5}, {3, 4, 5}
public:
Combinations(std::vector<T> s, int m) : M(m), set(s), partial(std::vector<T>(M))
{
N = s.size(); // unsigned long can't be casted to int in initialization
out = std::vector<std::vector<T>>(comb(N,M), std::vector<T>(M)); // allocate space
generate(0, N-1, M-1);
};
typedef typename std::vector<std::vector<T>>::const_iterator const_iterator;
typedef typename std::vector<std::vector<T>>::iterator iterator;
iterator begin() { return out.begin(); }
iterator end() { return out.end(); }
std::vector<std::vector<T>> get() { return out; }
private:
void generate(int i, int j, int m);
unsigned long long comb(unsigned long long n, unsigned long long k); // C(n, k) = n! / (n-k)!
int N;
int M;
std::vector<T> set;
std::vector<T> partial;
std::vector<std::vector<T>> out;
int count (0);
};
template<typename T>
void Combinations<T>::generate(int i, int j, int m) {
// combination of size m (number of slots) out of set[i..j]
if (m > 0) {
for (int z=i; z<j-m+1; z++) {
partial[M-m-1]=set[z]; // add element to permutation
generate(z+1, j, m-1);
}
} else {
// last position
for (int z=i; z<j-m+1; z++) {
partial[M-m-1] = set[z];
out[count++] = std::vector<T>(partial); // add to output vector
}
}
}
template<typename T>
unsigned long long
Combinations<T>::comb(unsigned long long n, unsigned long long k) {
// this is from Knuth vol 3
if (k > n) {
return 0;
}
unsigned long long r = 1;
for (unsigned long long d = 1; d <= k; ++d) {
r *= n--;
r /= d;
}
return r;
}
测试文件:
// test.cpp
// compile with: gcc -O3 -Wall -std=c++11 -lstdc++ -o test test.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "combinations.hpp"
struct Bla{
float x, y, z;
};
int main() {
std::vector<int> s{0,1,2,3,4,5};
std::vector<Bla> ss{{1, .4, 5.0},{2, .7, 5.0},{3, .1, 2.0},{4, .66, 99.0}};
Combinations<int> c(s,3);
// iterate over all combinations
for (auto x : c) { for (auto ii : x) std::cout << ii << ", "; std::cout << "\n"; }
// or get a vector back
std::vector<std::vector<int>> z = c.get();
std::cout << "\n\n";
Combinations<Bla> cc(ss, 2);
// combinations of arbitrary objects
for (auto x : cc) { for (auto b : x) std::cout << "(" << b.x << ", " << b.y << ", " << b.z << "), "; std::cout << "\n"; }
}
输出是:
0,1,2, 0,1,3, 0,1,4, 0,1,5, 0,2,3, 0,2,4, 0,2,5, 0,3,4, 0,3,5, 0,4,5, 1,2,3, 1,2,4, 1,2,5, 1,3,4, 1,3,5, 1,4,5, 2,3,4, 2,3,5, 2,4,5, 3,4,5,
(1,0.4,5),(2,0.7,5), (1,0.4,5),(3,0.1,2), (1,0.4,5),(4,0.66,99), (2,0.7,5),(3,0.1,2), (2,0.7,5),(4,0.66,99), (3,0.1,2),(4,0.66,99),
答案 8 :(得分:0)
void print(int *a, int* s, int ls)
{
for(int i = 0; i < ls; i++)
{
cout << a[s[i]] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void PrintCombinations(int *a, int l, int k, int *s, int ls, int sp)
{
if(k == 0)
{
print(a,s,ls);
return;
}
for(int i = sp; i < l; i++)
{
s[k-1] = i;
PrintCombinations(a,l,k-1,s,ls,i+1);
s[k-1] = -1;
}
}
int main()
{
int e[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
int s[] = {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1};
PrintCombinations(e,9,6,s,6,0);
}
答案 9 :(得分:0)
对于(n选择r)的特殊情况,其中r是固定常量,我们可以编写r个嵌套循环来得出这种情况。有时当r不固定时,我们可能会有另一个特殊情况(n选择n-r),其中r又是一个固定常数。这个想法是每个这样的组合是(n选择r)的组合的逆。所以我们可以再次使用r嵌套循环,但是反转解决方案:
// example 1: choose each 2 from given vector and apply 'doSomething'
void doOnCombinationsOfTwo(const std::vector<T> vector) {
for (int i1 = 0; i1 < vector.size() - 1; i1++) {
for (int i2 = i1 + 1; i2 < vector.size(); i2++) {
doSomething( { vector[i1], vector[i2] });
}
}
}
// example 2: choose each n-2 from given vector and apply 'doSomethingElse'
void doOnCombinationsOfNMinusTwo(const std::vector<T> vector) {
std::vector<T> combination(vector.size() - 2); // let's reuse our combination vector
for (int i1 = 0; i1 < vector.size() - 1; i1++) {
for (int i2 = i1 + 1; i2 < vector.size(); i2++) {
auto combinationEntry = combination.begin(); // use iterator to fill combination
for (int i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) {
if (i != i1 && i != i2) {
*combinationEntry++ = i;
}
}
doSomethingElse(combinationVector);
}
}
}
答案 10 :(得分:0)
vector<list<int>> generate(int N, int K, int& count) {
vector<list<int>> output;
if(K == 1) {
count = N;
for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
list<int> l = {i};
output.push_back(l);
}
} else {
count = 0;
int n;
vector<list<int>> l = generate(N, K - 1, n);
for(auto iter = l.begin(); iter != l.end(); iter++) {
int last = iter->back();
for (int i = last + 1; i <= N; ++i) {
list<int> value = *iter;
value.push_back(i);
output.push_back(value);
count++;
}
}
}
return output;
}
答案 11 :(得分:0)
这是我的尝试:
功能(可复制/粘贴),无需任何依赖
template<class _Tnumber, class _Titerator >
bool next_combination
(
_Titerator const& _First
, _Titerator const& _Last
, _Tnumber const& _Max //!< Upper bound. Not reachable
)
{
_Titerator _Current = _First;
if( _Current == _Last )
{
return false;
}
*_Current += 1;
if( *_Current < _Max )
{
return true;
}
_Titerator _Next = _Current + 1;
if( _Next == _Last )
{
return false;
}
if( false == next_combination( _Next, _Last, _Max - 1 ) )
{
return false;
}
*_Current = *_Next + 1;
return *_Current < _Max;
}
测试:
vector<int> vec({3,2,1}); // In descending order and different
do
{
copy( vec.begin(), vec.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, ", " ) ); cout << endl;
}while( ::math::algorithm::next_combination( vec.begin(), vec.end(), 6 ) );
并输出:
3, 2, 1,
4, 2, 1,
5, 2, 1,
4, 3, 1,
5, 3, 1,
5, 4, 1,
4, 3, 2,
5, 3, 2,
5, 4, 2,
5, 4, 3,
答案 12 :(得分:0)
这似乎可读,也可以用于std::vector
,std::list
,std::deque
甚至是静态声明的int intArray[]
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <iterator>
template<typename InputIt, typename T>
bool nextCombination(InputIt begin,
InputIt end,
T toElement) {
/*
Given sequence: 1 2 3 4 5
Final sequence: 6 7 8 9 10
-- Formally --
Given sequence: 1 2 ... k-1 k
Final sequence: (n-k+1) (n-k+2) ... (n-1) n
lengthOfSubsequence = positionOf(5) - positionOf(1) = 5
We look for an element that satisfies:
seqeunce[pos] < n - k + pos
*/
const auto lengthOfSubsequence = std::distance(begin, end);
auto viewed_element_it = std::make_reverse_iterator(end);
auto reversed_begin = std::make_reverse_iterator(begin);
/*Looking for this element here*/
while ((viewed_element_it != reversed_begin) &&
(*viewed_element_it >= toElement -
lengthOfSubsequence +
std::distance(viewed_element_it, reversed_begin))) {
//std::distance shows position of element in subsequence here
viewed_element_it++;
}
if (viewed_element_it == reversed_begin)
return false;
auto it = std::prev(viewed_element_it.base());
/*
Increment the found element.
The rest following elements we set as seqeunce[pos] = seqeunce[pos-1] + 1
*/
std::iota(it, end, *it + 1);
return true;
}
int main()
{
std::list<int> vec = { 1, 2, 3 };
do {
std::copy(vec.begin(), vec.end(), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
} while (nextCombination(vec.begin(), vec.end(), 10));
}
答案 13 :(得分:0)
以下是C ++中的一种算法,不使用,既不使用STL,也不使用递归或条件嵌套循环。这样更快,它不执行任何元素交换,并且不给递归带来负担,并且可以通过替换mallloc()
,free()
和{{1}轻松地移植到ANSIC。 }分别用于printf()
,new
和delete
。
如果要显示的元素从1开始,则更改std::cout
函数。
即:OutputArray()
代替cout << ka[i]+1...
。
请注意,我使用cout << ka[i]...
而不是K
。
r
答案 14 :(得分:-2)
如果r很小,你可以使用for循环,这里r = 2,所以两个for循环:
unsigned int i, j, max=0;
for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
for(j=i+1; j<=n; j++){
int ans = (i & j);
cout << i << " " << j << endl;
}
}