有没有办法坚持变量?

时间:2009-06-01 23:47:08

标签: sql sql-server sql-server-2008 sql-server-2012 sql-server-2000

有没有办法在变速器中保持变量?

Declare @bob as varchar(50);
Set @bob = 'SweetDB'; 
GO
USE @bob  --- see note below
GO
INSERT INTO @bob.[dbo].[ProjectVersion] ([DB_Name], [Script]) VALUES (@bob,'1.2')

请参阅此SO问题,了解“USE @bob”行。

9 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:101)

使用临时表:

CREATE TABLE #variables
    (
    VarName VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY,
    Value VARCHAR(255)
    )
GO

Insert into #variables Select 'Bob', 'SweetDB'
GO

Select Value From #variables Where VarName = 'Bob'
GO

DROP TABLE #variables
go

答案 1 :(得分:29)

go命令用于将代码分成不同的批次。如果这正是您想要做的,那么您应该使用它,但这意味着批次实际上是分开的,并且您不能在它们之间共享变量。

在您的情况下,解决方案很简单;您可以删除go语句,该代码中不需要它们。

附注:您不能在use语句中使用变量,它必须是数据库的名称。

答案 2 :(得分:12)

我更喜欢这个问题的this答案 Global Variables with GO

除了能够做你原本想做的事情之外,还有其他好处。

需要注意的是,您需要打开SQLCMD模式(在Query-> SQLCMD下)或默认情况下为所有查询窗口打开它(工具 - >选项然后查询结果 - >默认情况下,打开新查询在SQLCMD模式下)

然后你可以使用以下类型的代码(Oscar E. Fraxedas Tormo完全从相同的答案中删除)

--Declare the variable
:setvar MYDATABASE master
--Use the variable
USE $(MYDATABASE);
SELECT * FROM [dbo].[refresh_indexes]
GO
--Use again after a GO
SELECT * from $(MYDATABASE).[dbo].[refresh_indexes];
GO

答案 3 :(得分:1)

不确定,如果这有帮助

declare @s varchar(50)
set @s='Northwind'

declare @t nvarchar(100)
set @t = 'select * from ' + @s + '.[dbo].[Customers]'

execute sp_executesql @t

答案 4 :(得分:1)

如果您使用的是SQL Server,则可以为整个脚本设置全局变量,例如:

:setvar sourceDB "lalalallalal"

稍后在脚本中使用:

$(sourceDB)

确保在Server Managment Studi中启用SQLCMD模式,您可以通过顶级菜单单击查询并切换SQLCMD模式。

有关主题的更多信息,请访问: MS Documentation

答案 5 :(得分:0)

临时表保留在GO语句上,所以......

SELECT 'value1' as variable1, 'mydatabasename' as DbName INTO #TMP

-- get a variable from the temp table
DECLARE @dbName VARCHAR(10) = (select top 1 #TMP.DbName from #TMP)
EXEC ('USE ' + @dbName)
GO

-- get another variable from the temp table
DECLARE @value1 VARCHAR(10) = (select top 1 #TMP.variable1 from #TMP)

DROP TABLE #TMP

它不漂亮,但它有效

答案 6 :(得分:0)

创建自己的存储过程,该过程将保存/加载到临时表中。

MyVariableSave   -- Saves variable to temporary table. 
MyVariableLoad   -- Loads variable from temporary table.

然后您可以使用此:

print('Test stored procedures for load/save of variables across GO statements:')

declare @MyVariable int = 42
exec dbo.MyVariableSave @Name = 'test', @Value=@MyVariable
print('  - Set @MyVariable = ' + CAST(@MyVariable AS VARCHAR(100)))

print('  - GO statement resets all variables')
GO -- This resets all variables including @MyVariable

declare @MyVariable int
exec dbo.MyVariableLoad 'test', @MyVariable output
print('  - Get @MyVariable = ' + CAST(@MyVariable AS VARCHAR(100)))

输出:

Test stored procedures for load/save of variables across GO statements:
  - Set @MyVariable = 42
  - GO statement resets all variables
  - Get @MyVariable = 42

您也可以使用这些:

exec dbo.MyVariableList       -- Lists all variables in the temporary table.
exec dbo.MyVariableDeleteAll  -- Deletes all variables in the temporary table.

exec dbo.MyVariableList的输出:

Name    Value
test    42

事实证明,能够列出表中的所有变量实际上是非常有用的。因此,即使您以后不加载变量,它也非常适合调试目的,以便在一处查看所有内容。

这使用前缀为##的临时表,因此足以保留GO语句。它旨在在单个脚本中使用。

和存储过程:

-- Stored procedure to save a variable to a temp table.
CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE MyVariableSave 
    @Name varchar(255),
    @Value varchar(MAX)
WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS  
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON
    IF NOT EXISTS (select TOP 1 * from tempdb.sys.objects where name = '##VariableLoadSave')
    BEGIN
        DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ##VariableLoadSave
        CREATE TABLE ##VariableLoadSave
        (
            Name varchar(255),
            Value varchar(MAX)
        )
    END
    UPDATE ##VariableLoadSave SET Value=@Value WHERE Name=@Name
    IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
        INSERT INTO ##VariableLoadSave SELECT @Name, @Value
END
GO
-- Stored procedure to load a variable from a temp table.
CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE MyVariableLoad 
    @Name varchar(255),
    @Value varchar(MAX) OUT
WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS  
BEGIN
    IF EXISTS (select TOP 1 * from tempdb.sys.objects where name = '##VariableLoadSave')
    BEGIN
        IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT TOP 1 * FROM ##VariableLoadSave WHERE Name=@Name)
        BEGIN
            declare @ErrorMessage1 as varchar(200) = 'Error: cannot find saved variable to load: ' + @Name
            raiserror(@ErrorMessage1, 20, -1) with log
        END

        SELECT @Value=CAST(Value AS varchar(MAX)) FROM ##VariableLoadSave
        WHERE Name=@Name
    END
    ELSE
    BEGIN
        declare @ErrorMessage2 as varchar(200) = 'Error: cannot find saved variable to load: ' + @Name
        raiserror(@ErrorMessage2, 20, -1) with log
    END
END
GO
-- Stored procedure to list all saved variables.
CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE MyVariableList
WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS  
BEGIN
    IF EXISTS (select TOP 1 * from tempdb.sys.objects where name = '##VariableLoadSave')
    BEGIN
        SELECT * FROM ##VariableLoadSave
        ORDER BY Name
    END
END
GO
-- Stored procedure to delete all saved variables.
CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE MyVariableDeleteAll
WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS  
BEGIN
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ##VariableLoadSave
    CREATE TABLE ##VariableLoadSave
    (
        Name varchar(255),
        Value varchar(MAX)
    )
END

答案 7 :(得分:0)

如果只需要二进制“是/否”(例如是否存在列),则可以使用SET NOEXEC ON禁用语句的执行。 SET NOEXEC ON适用于GO(跨批次)。但是记住在脚本末尾使用SET NOEXEC OFF重新打开EXEC

IF COL_LENGTH('StuffTable', 'EnableGA') IS NOT NULL
    SET NOEXEC ON -- script will not do anything when column already exists

ALTER TABLE dbo.StuffTable ADD EnableGA BIT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_StuffTable_EnableGA DEFAULT(0)
ALTER TABLE dbo.StuffTable SET (LOCK_ESCALATION = TABLE)
GO
UPDATE dbo.StuffTable SET EnableGA = 1 WHERE StuffUrl IS NOT NULL
GO
SET NOEXEC OFF

这将编译语句,但不执行它们。因此,如果引用不存在的架构,您仍然会遇到“编译错误”。因此它可以“关闭”第二次运行的脚本(我在做什么),但无法在第一次运行时关闭脚本的某些部分,因为如果引用不这样做的列或表,仍然会出现编译错误还不存在。

答案 8 :(得分:0)

您可以按照以下步骤使用NOEXEC:

创建表格

#temp_procedure_version(procedure_version varchar(5),pointer varchar(20))

将过程版本和指向该版本的指针插入到临时表#temp_procedure_version

-procedure_version指针示例

插入temp_procedure_version值(1.0,“第一个版本”)

插入temp_procedure_version值(2.0,“最终版本”)

然后获取过程版本,可以使用以下语句中的where条件

@ProcedureVersion=ProcedureVersion中选择#temp_procedure_version,其中 pointer='first version'

IF (@ProcedureVersion='1.0')
    BEGIN
    SET NOEXEC OFF  --code execution on 
    END
ELSE
    BEGIN 
    SET NOEXEC ON  --code execution off
    END 

-在此处插入过程版本1.0

以.....创建程序版本1.0。

SET NOEXEC OFF -- execution is ON

@ProcedureVersion=ProcedureVersion中选择#temp_procedure_version,其中 指针=“最终版本”

IF (@ProcedureVersion='2.0')
    BEGIN
    SET NOEXEC OFF  --code execution on 
    END
ELSE
    BEGIN 
    SET NOEXEC ON  --code execution off
    END 

将过程版本2.0创建为.....

SET NOEXEC OFF -- execution is ON

-删除临时表

拖放表格#temp_procedure_version