Question

我正在使用net/http从Yahoo Placemaker API中提取一些json数据。收到回复后，我正在对回复执行JSON.parse。这给了我一个看起来像哈希的哈希：

{"processingTime"=>"0.001493", "version"=>"1.4.0.526 build 111113", "documentLength"=>"25", "document"=>{"administrativeScope"=>{"woeId"=>"2503863", "type"=>"Town", "name"=>"Tampa, FL, US", "centroid"=>{"latitude"=>"27.9465", "longitude"=>"-82.4593"}}, "geographicScope"=>{"woeId"=>"2503863", "type"=>"Town", "name"=>"Tampa, FL, US", "centroid"=>{"latitude"=>"27.9465", "longitude"=>"-82.4593"}}, "localScopes"=>{"localScope"=>{"woeId"=>"2503863", "type"=>"Town", "name"=>"Tampa, FL, US (Town)", "centroid"=>{"latitude"=>"27.9465", "longitude"=>"-82.4593"}, "southWest"=>{"latitude"=>"27.8132", "longitude"=>"-82.6489"}, "northEast"=>{"latitude"=>"28.1714", "longitude"=>"-82.2539"}, "ancestors"=>[{"ancestor"=>{"woeId"=>"12587831", "type"=>"County", "name"=>"Hillsborough"}}, {"ancestor"=>{"woeId"=>"2347568", "type"=>"State", "name"=>"Florida"}}, {"ancestor"=>{"woeId"=>"23424977", "type"=>"Country", "name"=>"United States"}}]}}, "extents"=>{"center"=>{"latitude"=>"27.9465", "longitude"=>"-82.4593"}, "southWest"=>{"latitude"=>"27.8132", "longitude"=>"-82.6489"}, "northEast"=>{"latitude"=>"28.1714", "longitude"=>"-82.2539"}}, "placeDetails"=>{"placeId"=>"1", "place"=>{"woeId"=>"2503863", "type"=>"Town", "name"=>"Tampa, FL, US", "centroid"=>{"latitude"=>"27.9465", "longitude"=>"-82.4593"}}, "placeReferenceIds"=>"1", "matchType"=>"0", "weight"=>"1", "confidence"=>"8"}, "referenceList"=>{"reference"=>{"woeIds"=>"2503863", "placeReferenceId"=>"1", "placeIds"=>"1", "start"=>"15", "end"=>"20", "isPlaintextMarker"=>"1", "text"=>"Tampa", "type"=>"plaintext", "xpath"=>""}}}}

我可以通过jsonResponse['version']之类的操作来访问元素，但我无法执行jsonResponse.version。这是为什么？

Answer 1

Hash没有针对其键的点语法。 OpenStruct确实：

require 'ostruct'
hash = {:name => 'John'}
os = OpenStruct.new(hash)
p os.name #=> "John"

注意：不适用于嵌套哈希。

Answer 2

OpenStruct适用于纯哈希，但对于嵌入数组或其他哈希的哈希，点语法会阻塞。我遇到了这个解决方案，它可以很好地工作而无需加载另一个gem： https://coderwall.com/p/74rajw/convert-a-complex-nested-hash-to-an-object 基本步骤是：

data = YAML::load(File.open("your yaml file"))
json_data = data.to_json
mystr = JSON.parse(json_data,object_class: OpenStruct)

现在可以使用点语法访问mystr中的所有对象。

Answer 3

Ruby哈希本身并不像这样工作，但HashDot gem可以用于此。

HashDot允许在哈希上使用点表示法语法。它也适用于已使用JSON.parse重新解析的json字符串。

require 'hash_dot'

hash = {b: {c: {d: 1}}}.to_dot
hash.b.c.d => 1

json_hash = JSON.parse(hash.to_json)
json_hash.b.c.d => 1

Answer 4

这是一个JavaScript功能，而不是Ruby功能。在Ruby中，要使用“点语法”，对象需要响应这些方法。 Ruby哈希使用#[](key)方法来访问元素。

Answer 5

为什么不，你可以通过元编程

来做到这一点

module LookLikeJSON
  def method_missing(meth, *args, &block)
    if has_key?(meth.to_s)
      self[meth.to_s]
    else
      raise NoMethodError, 'undefined method #{meth} for #{self}' 
    end
  end
end

h = {"processingTime"=>"0.001493", "version"=>"1.4.0.526 build 111113", "documentLength"=>"25"}
h.extend(LookLikeJSON)
h.processingTime #=> "0.001493"

Answer 6

如果您不想安装任何gem，可以尝试使用Ruby的本机Struct类和一些Ruby技巧，例如splat operator。

# regular hashes
customer = { name: "Maria", age: 21, country: "Brazil" }
customer.name
# => NoMethodError: undefined method `name' for {:name=>"Maria", :age=>21, :country=>"Brazil"}:Hash

# converting a hash to a struct
customer_on_steroids = Struct.new(*customer.keys).new(*customer.values)
customer_on_steroids.name
#=> "Maria"

请注意，此简单的解决方案仅适用于单级哈希。要使它对于任何类型的Hash都是动态的并且具有完整的功能，则必须使其递归在结构中创建子结构。

您也可以将Struct当作类来存储。

customer_1 = { name: "Maria", age: 21, country: "Brazil" }
customer_2 = { name: "João",  age: 32, country: "Brazil" }
customer_3 = { name: "José",  age: 43, country: "Brazil" }

Customer = Struct.new(*customer_1.keys)
customer_on_steroids_1 = Customer.new(*customer_1.values)
customer_on_steroids_2 = Customer.new(*customer_2.values) 
customer_on_steroids_3 = Customer.new(*customer_3.values)

无法使用ruby哈希的点语法

8 个答案: