如何将HHMMSS转换为HH：MM：SS Unix？

时间：2012-02-13 22:11:12

标签： shell unix

我尝试将HHMMSS转换为HH：MM：SS并且我能够成功转换它，但由于文件大小，我的脚本需要2个小时才能完成。有没有更好的方法（最快的方式）来完成这项任务

Data File
data.txt

10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,,071600,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,072200,072200,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TAB,072600,072600,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,073200,073200,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,073500,073500,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,MRO,073700,073700,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,CPT,073900,073900,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,074400,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,,090200,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,090900,090900,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,091500,091500,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TAB,091900,091900,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,092500,092500,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,092900,092900,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,MRO,093200,093200,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,CPT,093500,093500,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,094500,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,CPT,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,MRO,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TAB,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,170100,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,CPT,170400,170400,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,MRO,170700,170700,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,171000,171000,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,171500,171500,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TAB,171900,171900,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,172500,172500,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,172900,172900,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,173500,173500,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,174100,,

我的代码：script.sh 

#!/bin/bash
awk -F"," '{print $5}' Data.txt > tmp.txt # print first line first string before , to tmp.txt i.e. all Numbers will be placed into tmp.txt
sort tmp.txt | uniq -d > Uniqe_number.txt # unique values be stored to Uniqe_number.txt
rm tmp.txt # removes tmp file
while read line; do
echo $line
cat Data.txt | grep ",$line," > Numbers/All/$line.txt # grep Number and creats files induvidtually
awk -F"," '{print $5","$4","$7","$8","$9","$10","$11}' Numbers/All/$line.txt > Numbers/All/tmp_$line.txt
mv Numbers/All/tmp_$line.txt Numbers/Final/Final_$line.txt
done < Uniqe_number.txt
ls Numbers/Final > files.txt
dos2unix files.txt
bash time_replace.sh

执行上述脚本时，它将调用time_replace.sh脚本

my_replace.sh的代码

#!/bin/bash
for i in `cat files.txt`
do
while read aline
do
TimeDep=`echo $aline | awk -F"," '{print $6}'`
#echo $TimeDep
finalTimeDep=`echo $TimeDep | awk '{for(i=1;i<=length($0);i+=2){printf("%s:",substr($0,i,2))}}'|awk '{sub(/:$/,"")};1'`
#echo $finalTimeDep
##########
TimeAri=`echo $aline | awk -F"," '{print $7}'`
#echo $TimeAri
finalTimeAri=`echo $TimeAri | awk '{for(i=1;i<=length($0);i+=2){printf("%s:",substr($0,i,2))}}'|awk '{sub(/:$/,"")};1'`
#echo $finalTimeAri
sed -i 's/',$TimeDep'/',$finalTimeDep'/g' Numbers/Final/$i
sed -i 's/',$TimeAri'/',$finalTimeAri'/g' Numbers/Final/$i
############################
done < Numbers/Final/$i
done

有更好的解决方案吗？

感谢任何帮助。

由于 斯

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：1)

如果存在大量文件，那么管道可能会比其他任何事情更能影响性能 - 尽管流程可能很便宜，如果您正在进行大量处理，那么减少时间你通过管道传递数据可以获得红利。

所以你可能会更好地在awk（或perl）中编写整个脚本。例如，awk可以将输出发送到任意文件，因此第一个文件中的while lop可以替换为执行此操作的awk脚本。您也不需要使用临时文件。

我认为排序只是为了跟踪进度，因为您知道有多少数字。但如果你不关心排序，你可以这样做：

#!/bin/sh
awk -F ',' '
{
    print $5","$4","$7","$8","$9","$10","$11 > Numbers/Final/Final_$line.txt
}' datafile.txt
ls Numbers/Final > files.txt

或者，如果您需要排序，可以sort -t, -k5,4,10（或您的排序键实际需要的任何字段）。

至于格式化日期时间，awk也有功能，所以你实际上可以有一个看起来像这样的awk脚本。这将取代上面脚本的 两个 ，同时保留相同的功能（至少，我可以通过快速分析得出）...（注意！未经测试，所以可能包含vauge语法错误）：

#!/usr/bin/awk
BEGIN {
    FS=","
}
function formattime (t)
{
    return substr(t,1,2)":"substr(t,3,2)":"substr(t,5,2)
}
{
    print $5","$4","$7","$8","$9","formattime($10)","formattime($11) > Numbers/Final/Final_$line.txt
}

你可以保存，chmod 700，并直接调用：

dostuff.awk filename

其他awk选项包括原位更改字段，因此如果要维护整个原始文件但使用格式化日期时间，则可以对上述内容进行修改。将print块更改为：

{
    $10=formattime($10)
    $11=formattime($11)
    print $0
}

如果这不能满足您的需求，希望它能提供一些有助于代码的想法。

答案 1 :(得分：0)

目前尚不清楚所有的排序和任务是什么。我假设你的数据文件每行只有一个条目，你需要将第10个和第11个以逗号分隔的字段从HHMMSS更改为HH：MM：SS。

while IFS=, read -a line ; do
    echo -n ${line[0]},${line[1]},${line[2]},${line[3]},
    echo -n ${line[4]},${line[5]},${line[6]},${line[7]},
    echo -n ${line[8]},${line[9]},
    if [ -n "${line[10]}" ]; then
        echo -n ${line[10]:0:2}:${line[10]:2:2}:${line[10]:4:2}
    fi
    echo -n ,
    if [ -n "${line[11]}" ]; then
        echo -n ${line[11]:0:2}:${line[11]:2:2}:${line[11]:4:2}
    fi
    echo ""
done < data.txt

操作部分是${variable:offset:length}构造，允许您从变量中提取子字符串。

答案 2 :(得分：0)

在Perl中，这与孩子的游戏很接近：

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use English( -no_match_vars );

local($OFS) = ",";
while (<>)
{
    my(@F) = split /,/;
    $F[9]  =~ s/(\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)/$1:$2:$3/ if defined $F[9];
    $F[10] =~ s/(\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)/$1:$2:$3/ if defined $F[10];
    print @F;
}

如果您不想使用English，可以改为编写local($,) = ",";;它控制输出字段分隔符，选择使用逗号。代码读取文件中的每一行，将其在逗号上分开，取最后两个字段，从零开始计数，并且（如果它们不为空）在数字对之间插入冒号。我确信'Code Golf'解决方案会缩短很多，但如果你知道任何Perl，这是半清晰的。

这比脚本更快，尤其是因为它不需要对任何内容进行排序，而且因为所有处理都是在单个过程中通过文件完成的。每个输入行运行多个进程（如代码中一样），当文件很大时会出现性能灾难。

您提供的样本数据的输出是：

10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,,07:16:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,07:22:00,07:22:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TAB,07:26:00,07:26:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,07:32:00,07:32:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,07:35:00,07:35:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,MRO,07:37:00,07:37:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,CPT,07:39:00,07:39:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8503,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,07:44:00,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,,09:02:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,09:09:00,09:09:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,09:15:00,09:15:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TAB,09:19:00,09:19:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,09:25:00,09:25:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,09:29:00,09:29:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,MRO,09:32:00,09:32:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,CPT,09:35:00,09:35:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8505,ABCXYZ,D,N,TMP,09:45:00,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,CPT,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,MRO,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TAB,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8506,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,,17:01:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,CPT,17:04:00,17:04:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,MRO,17:07:00,17:07:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,17:10:00,17:10:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,17:15:00,17:15:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TAB,17:19:00,17:19:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,17:25:00,17:25:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,17:29:00,17:29:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,17:35:00,17:35:00,
10,SRI,AA,20091210,8510,ABCXYZ,U,N,TMP,17:41:00,,
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