我正在编写一个模拟彩票游戏的程序,而且我已经陷入了困境。我试图将用户的猜测与中奖彩票上的数字相匹配,但是我的功能" checkmatch"显然需要2个参数,但我只给它1个?我知道网站上有类似的问题,但我是一个非常新手的程序员,其他人似乎......有点高于我。这是我的整个程序(到目前为止):
import random
def main():
random.seed()
#Prompts the user to enter the number of tickets they wish to play.
tickets = int(input("How many lottery tickets do you want?\n"))
#Creates the dictionaries "winning_numbers" and "guess"
winning_numbers = []
guess = []
#Generates the winning lotto numbers.
for i in range(tickets):
del winning_numbers[:]
del guess[:]
a = random.randint(1,30)
winning_numbers.append(a)
b = random.randint(1,30)
while not (b in winning_numbers):
winning_numbers.append(b)
c = random.randint(1,30)
while not (c in winning_numbers):
winning_numbers.append(c)
d = random.randint(1,30)
while not (d in winning_numbers):
winning_numbers.append(d)
getguess(guess, tickets)
nummatches = checkmatch(guess)
nummisses = checkmiss()
#print(winning_numbers)
#Gets the guess from the user.
def getguess(guess, tickets):
del guess[:]
for i in range(tickets):
bubble = input("What numbers do you want to choose for ticket #"+str(i+1)+"?\n").split(" ")
guess.append(bubble)
#Checks the user's guesses with the winning numbers.
def checkmatch(winning_numbers, guess):
match = 0
for i in range(5):
if winning_numbers[i] == guess[i]:
match = match+1
return match
这是给我带来麻烦的部分:
def checkmatch(winning_numbers, guess):
match = 0
for i in range(5):
if winning_numbers[i] == guess[i]:
match = match+1
return match
以下是我尝试测试时的结果:
How many lottery tickets do you want?
3
What numbers do you want to choose for ticket #1?
1 2 3 4 5
What numbers do you want to choose for ticket #2?
1 2 3 4 5
What numbers do you want to choose for ticket #3?
1 2 3 4 5
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/Ryan/Downloads/Program # 2/Program # 2/lottery.py", line 64, in <module>
main()
File "C:/Users/Ryan/Downloads/Program # 2/Program # 2/lottery.py", line 36, in main
checkmatch(guess)
TypeError: checkmatch() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)
感谢您的帮助!
答案 0 :(得分:3)
问题是
nummatches = checkmatch(guess)
在你的代码中checkmatch
需要2个参数winning_numbers & guess
,但是当你调用它时,你只给出一个参数。
例如
>>> def myfunc(str1,str2):
... print str1+str2
...
>>> myfunc('a','b') #takes 2 argument and concatenates
ab
>>> myfunc('a') # only one given so ERROR
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: myfunc() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)
>>>
答案 1 :(得分:2)
问题不在于函数定义。就在这里:
nummatches = checkmatch(guess)
在错误声明中,您会注意到有行号。导致错误的行位于错误语句的最底部。问题出在第36行;如果你有一个显示行号的文本编辑器,你会发现更容易找出错误的位置。
答案 2 :(得分:2)
在checkmatch的函数定义中,无论何时调用此函数,都明确告诉Python期望两个参数:
def checkmatch(winning_numbers, guess):
...
但是,在程序正文中,只用一个参数调用它:
nummatches = checkmatch(guess)
由于您没有为checkmatch提供winner_numbers参数,因此您会收到错误消息。
看来你这样做是因为你已经在主程序的主体中使用了wins_numbers。这是实际错误的地方,你假设因为程序体中的变量与函数定义中的变量同名,变量winsnumbers会自动传入。
函数定义中的winner_numbers参数是函数checkmatch的局部变量,它只是告诉Python在调用函数时期望用户在该位置给出一个值,并且然后允许该名称用于表示函数定义本身内的值。但是,您在主程序中的winsnumbers列表是一个全局变量的示例,并且由于您的函数定义重用了完全相同的名称,因此您需要遵循Python不合逻辑的指示,因此错误。
要修复,要么a)显式传递变量:
nummatches = checkmatch(winning_numbers, guess)
...或b)正确使用全局变量。
def checkmatch(guess):
global winning_numbers
...
但是,我建议您最好阅读有关Python名称空间和全局变量以及局部变量的更多信息,以及何时使用每个变量。
另外,除非在特定情况下,否则使用 del 内置通常不是一个好主意。您已将变量指定为空列表,您的代码上下文中无需再次手动删除其内容。