Question

我有一个包含XML条目的csv文件。想象一下，每个XML条目都以<entry>开头，以</entry>结尾。我的文件中有数千个这样的条目。每个XML条目都包含嵌套的XML元素。

我需要提取每个条目的一些元素，并通过Python将它们保存到另一个文件中。以下是一个XML条目的示例。想象一下，我想提取每个条目的元素。你能告诉我如何用Python做到这一点吗？我是Python编程的初学者。

"<entry xmlns=""http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"" xmlns:gnip=""http://www.gnip.com/schemas/2010"">
  <id>tag:search.twitter.com,2005:157796632933576704</id>
  <published>2012-01-13T12:10:23+00:00</published>
  <updated>2012-01-13T12:10:23+00:00</updated>
  <summary type=""html"">RT @sprice54: If you rearrange the words ""Debit card"" you can spell ""Bad Credit""</summary>
  <link rel=""alternate"" type=""text/html"" href=""http://twitter.com/GCordivari/statuses/157796632933576704""/>
  <source>
    <link rel=""self"" type=""application/json"" href=""https://stream.twitter.com/1/statuses/filter.json""/>
    <title>Twitter - Stream - Track</title>
    <updated>2012-01-13T12:10:25Z</updated>
  </source>
  <service:provider xmlns:service=""http://activitystrea.ms/service-provider"">
    <name>Twitter</name>
    <uri>http://www.twitter.com/</uri>
    <icon/>
  </service:provider>
  <contributor>
    <name>Steve Price</name>
    <uri>http://www.twitter.com/sprice54</uri>
  </contributor>
  <link rel=""via"" type=""text/html"" href=""http://twitter.com/sprice54/statuses/157748462321012736""/>
  <title>George Cordivari shared: Steve Price posted a note on Twitter</title>
  <category term=""StatusShared"" label=""Status Shared""/>
  <category term=""NoteShared"" label=""Note Shared""/>
  <activity:verb xmlns:activity=""http://activitystrea.ms/spec/1.0/"">http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/share</activity:verb>
  <activity:object xmlns:activity=""http://activitystrea.ms/spec/1.0/"">
    <activity:object-type>http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/note</activity:object-type>
    <id>object:search.twitter.com,2005:157796632933576704</id>
    <content type=""html"">RT @sprice54: If you rearrange the words ""Debit card"" you can spell ""Bad Credit""</content>
    <link rel=""alternate"" type=""text/html"" href=""http://twitter.com/GCordivari/statuses/157796632933576704""/>
  </activity:object>
  <author>
    <name>George Cordivari</name>
    <uri>http://www.twitter.com/GCordivari</uri>
  </author>
  <activity:author xmlns:activity=""http://activitystrea.ms/spec/1.0/"">
    <activity:object-type>http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/person</activity:object-type>
    <gnip:friends xmlns:gnip=""http://www.gnip.com/schemas/2010"" followersCount=""37"" followingCount=""61""/>
    <link rel=""alternate"" type=""text/html"" length=""0"" href=""http://www.twitter.com/GCordivari""/>
    <link rel=""avatar"" href=""http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1670548060/274805_1268643462_1179159089_n_normal.jpg""/>
    <id>http://www.twitter.com/GCordivari</id>
  </activity:author>
  <activity:actor xmlns:activity=""http://activitystrea.ms/spec/1.0/"">
    <activity:object-type>http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/person</activity:object-type>
    <gnip:friends xmlns:gnip=""http://www.gnip.com/schemas/2010"" followersCount=""37"" followingCount=""61""/>
    <gnip:stats xmlns:gnip=""http://www.gnip.com/schemas/2010"" activityCount=""370"" upstreamId=""id:twitter.com:427031045""/>
    <link rel=""alternate"" type=""text/html"" length=""0"" href=""http://www.twitter.com/GCordivari""/>
    <link rel=""avatar"" href=""http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1670548060/274805_1268643462_1179159089_n_normal.jpg""/>
    <id>http://www.twitter.com/GCordivari</id>
    <os:location xmlns:os=""http://ns.opensocial.org/2008/opensocial"">Drexel Hell</os:location>
    <os:aboutMe xmlns:os=""http://ns.opensocial.org/2008/opensocial"">This is the way I live. #CirocInMyCupIDGAF #CloudNine  #FollowMeLikeTheLeader </os:aboutMe>
  </activity:actor>
  <gnip:twitter_entities xmlns:gnip=""http://www.gnip.com/schemas/2010"">
    <user_mentions>
      <user_mention start=""3"" end=""12"">
        <id>255347428</id>
        <name>Steve Price</name>
        <screen_name>sprice54</screen_name>
      </user_mention>
    </user_mentions>
  </gnip:twitter_entities>
  <gnip:matching_rules>
    <gnip:matching_rule rel=""inferred"">""debit card""</gnip:matching_rule>
  </gnip:matching_rules>
</entry>"

Answer 1

使用csv模块解析csv和类似elementtree的内容来解析xml字段。

如果您的xml数据与RSS兼容，请查看feedparser。

Answer 2

Python有许多非常棒的xml解析实用程序。 BeautifulSoup非常受欢迎，因为它有一个简单的api。 http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/doc/

lmxml是一个很好的库，可用于非常快速的xml解析，但需要libxml

网上有很多教程可以逐步解释使用python解析xml的基础知识。 http://www.learningpython.com/2008/05/07/elegant-xml-parsing-using-the-elementtree-module/

Answer 3

按照docs中的示例，您可以如何提取所有命名元素，比如贡献者并将它们导出到新的XML文档。

import xml.dom.minidom as minidom

#open the input csv/xml file
inputPath = '/path/to/xml.csv'
xml_csv = open(inputPath)

#open a output file in write mode
outputPath = '/path/to/contributors.xml'
outxml = open(outputPath,'w')

#create a new xml document and top level element
impl = minidom.getDOMImplementation()
newxml = impl.createDocument(None,'contributors',None)
top = newxml.documentElement

#loop through each line in the file splitting on commas
for line in xml_csv:
    xmlFields = line.split(',')

    for fldxml in xmlFields:
        #double double quotes caused the parser to choke, I'm replacing them here
        fldxml = fldxml.replace('""','"')

        #parse the xml data from each field and 
        #find all contributor elements under the top level
        dom = minidom.parseString(xmlfld)
        contributors = entry.getElementByTagName('contributor')

        #add each contributor to the new xml document
        for contributor in contributors:
            top.appendChild(contributor)

#write out the new xml contributors document in pretty XML
outxml.write(newxml.toprettyxml())
outxml.close()

在Python中解析包含XML条目的text / csv文件

3 个答案: