我需要将列数据插入到不同的表中并为列创建主表
例如：我需要将表 tblcatData 转换为两个表 tblCat 和 tblcatDataNew
tblCatData
Primaykey | A | B | C | D | D | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M |
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
tblCat
PrimaryKey | Category
----------------------------
1 | A
2 | B
3 | C
4 | D
5 | E
6 | F
7 | G
. .
. .
. .
tblCatDataNew
PrimaryKey | FK_CatID | Data |
-----------------------------------
1 | 1 | 1 |
2 | 1 | 1 |
3 | 1 | 5 |
4 | 2 | 2 |
5 | 2 | 2 |
6 | 2 | 2 |
7 | 3 | 3 |
8 | 3 | 5 |
. . .
. . .
. . .
答案 0 :(得分：3)
您可以尝试以下方案：
创建tblCat。
使用以下与原始设计的偏差创建tblCatDataNew：
允许FK_CatID列临时接受NULL（如果这是您的初衷，可能是永久性的）;
临时添加一个额外的列，以便从原始表中接收名称类别。
取消隐藏tblCatData并将结果插入tblCatDataNew（值为Data，列名称作为类别名称插入临时列。）
从tblCatDataNew中选择所有不同的类别名称，然后将其插入tblCat。 （这将为他们产生关键值。）
从tblCatDataNew更新tblCat中的外键，按类别名称加入两个表。
从tblCatDataNew删除临时列。
将tblCatDataNew.FK_CatID设为NOT NULL（也就是说，如果您希望如此）。
这是整个测试脚本，包括创建原始表（如果有人想尝试的话）：
BEGIN TRANSACTION
GO
/* prepare the original table, for tests */
WITH data (
Primaykey, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M
) AS (
SELECT 1 , 1, 2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 1, 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 2 , 1, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 3, 1, 1, 5, 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 3 , 5, 2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 4
)
SELECT * INTO tblCatData FROM data;
GO
/* Step 1 */
CREATE TABLE tblCat (
PrimaryKey int IDENTITY CONSTRAINT PK_tblCat PRIMARY KEY,
Category varchar(50) NOT NULL
);
GO
/* Step 2 */
CREATE TABLE tblCatDataNew (
PrimaryKey int IDENTITY CONSTRAINT PK_tblCatDataNew PRIMARY KEY,
FK_CatID int NULL CONSTRAINT FK_tblCatDataNew_tblCat FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES tblCat (PrimaryKey),
Data int,
Category varchar(50)
);
GO
/* Step 3 */
INSERT INTO tblCatDataNew (
Data,
Category
)
SELECT
Data,
Category
FROM tblCatData
UNPIVOT (
Data for Category IN (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M)
) u
ORDER BY
Category,
Primaykey;
GO
/* Step 4 */
INSERT INTO tblCat (Category)
SELECT DISTINCT Category
FROM tblCatDataNew
GO
/* Step 5 */
UPDATE tblCatDataNew
SET FK_CatID = c.PrimaryKey
FROM tblCat c
WHERE tblCatDataNew.Category = c.Category
GO
/* Step 6 */
ALTER TABLE tblCatDataNew
DROP COLUMN Category
GO
/* Step 7 */
ALTER TABLE tblCatDataNew
ALTER COLUMN FK_CatID int NOT NULL
GO
/* view the results */
SELECT * FROM tblCat
SELECT * FROM tblCatDataNew
GO
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
请注意，从2005版开始，SQL Server支持UNPIVOT子句。在早期版本中，您必须使用不同的方法来取消数据的显示（步骤3），例如，像这样：
INSERT INTO tblCatDataNew (
Data,
Category
)
SELECT
Data = CASE x.CatNum
WHEN 1 THEN A
WHEN 2 THEN B
WHEN 3 THEN C
WHEN 4 THEN D
WHEN 5 THEN E
WHEN 6 THEN F
WHEN 7 THEN G
WHEN 8 THEN H
WHEN 9 THEN I
WHEN 10 THEN J
WHEN 11 THEN K
WHEN 12 THEN L
WHEN 13 THEN M
END,
Category = CASE x.CatNum
WHEN 1 THEN 'A'
WHEN 2 THEN 'B'
WHEN 3 THEN 'C'
WHEN 4 THEN 'D'
WHEN 5 THEN 'E'
WHEN 6 THEN 'F'
WHEN 7 THEN 'G'
WHEN 8 THEN 'H'
WHEN 9 THEN 'I'
WHEN 10 THEN 'J'
WHEN 11 THEN 'K'
WHEN 12 THEN 'L'
WHEN 13 THEN 'M'
END
FROM tblCatData
CROSS JOIN (
SELECT 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 3 UNION ALL
SELECT 4 UNION ALL
SELECT 5 UNION ALL
SELECT 6 UNION ALL
SELECT 7 UNION ALL
SELECT 8 UNION ALL
SELECT 9 UNION ALL
SELECT 10 UNION ALL
SELECT 11 UNION ALL
SELECT 12 UNION ALL
SELECT 13
) x (CatNum)
ORDER BY
Category,
Primaykey;
甚至是这样：
INSERT INTO tblCatDataNew (
Data,
Category
)
SELECT
Data = CASE x.CatNum
WHEN 1 THEN A
WHEN 2 THEN B
WHEN 3 THEN C
WHEN 4 THEN D
WHEN 5 THEN E
WHEN 6 THEN F
WHEN 7 THEN G
WHEN 8 THEN H
WHEN 9 THEN I
WHEN 10 THEN J
WHEN 11 THEN K
WHEN 12 THEN L
WHEN 13 THEN M
END,
Category = x.CatName
FROM tblCatData
CROSS JOIN (
SELECT 1, 'A' UNION ALL
SELECT 2, 'B' UNION ALL
SELECT 3, 'C' UNION ALL
SELECT 4, 'D' UNION ALL
SELECT 5, 'E' UNION ALL
SELECT 6, 'F' UNION ALL
SELECT 7, 'G' UNION ALL
SELECT 8, 'H' UNION ALL
SELECT 9, 'I' UNION ALL
SELECT 10, 'J' UNION ALL
SELECT 11, 'K' UNION ALL
SELECT 12, 'L' UNION ALL
SELECT 13, 'M'
) x (CatNum, CatName)
ORDER BY
Category,
Primaykey;
以上脚本为我生成的结果如下：
tblCat：
PrimaryKey Category
----------- --------------------------------------------------
1 A
2 B
3 C
4 D
5 E
6 F
7 G
8 H
9 I
10 J
11 K
12 L
13 M
tblCatDataNew：
PrimaryKey FK_CatID Data
----------- ----------- -----------
1 1 1
2 1 1
3 1 5
4 2 2
5 2 2
6 2 2
7 3 3
8 3 5
9 3 3
10 4 5
11 4 5
12 4 5
13 5 5
14 5 5
15 5 5
16 6 5
17 6 5
18 6 5
19 7 3
20 7 3
21 7 5
22 8 3
23 8 5
24 8 3
25 9 3
26 9 3
27 9 3
28 10 1
29 10 1
30 10 1
31 11 4
32 11 1
33 11 1
34 12 1
35 12 5
36 12 1
37 13 1
38 13 1
39 13 4
答案 1 :(得分：0)
您可以使用union取消删除列，并select ... into将结果存储在新表中：
select PrimaryKey
, FK_CatId
, Category
into tblCatDataNew
from (
select PrimaryKey
, 1
, A
from tblCatData
union all
select PrimaryKey
, 2
, B
from tblCatData
union all
...
)