我正在为项目编写自定义日志记录系统。如果函数抛出异常,我想记录它的局部变量。是否可以从捕获异常的except块访问raise函数的局部变量?例如:
def myfunction():
v1 = get_a_value()
raise Exception()
try:
myfunction()
except:
# can I access v1 from here?
答案 0 :(得分:27)
如果你知道你的异常处理代码需要它,那么将值传递给异常通常是更简洁的设计。但是,如果您正在编写调试器或类似的东西,您将需要访问变量而不知道它们是哪些变量,您可以访问异常上下文中的任意变量抛出:
def myfunction():
v1 = get_a_value()
raise Exception()
try:
myfunction()
except:
# can I access v1 from here?
v1 = inspect.trace()[-1][0].f_locals['v1']
trace
函数描述了traceback
函数的功能及其处理的{{1}}对象的格式。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
def myFunction()
v1 = get_a_value()
raise Exception(v1)
try:
myFunction()
except Exception, e:
v1 = e.args[0]
答案 2 :(得分:2)
您可以在框架对象中查找局部变量,您可以从sys.exc_info
获取该局部变量。
>>> import sys
>>> def f(a):
... b = a - 1
... print 1.0 / b
...
>>> try:
... f(1)
... except Exception, e:
... print sys.exc_info()[2].tb_next.tb_frame.f_locals
...
{'a': 1, 'b': 0}
您必须包含适当数量的tb_next
,具体取决于引发异常的堆栈深度。
答案 3 :(得分:1)
是的,如果它是您自己的异常类型。像这样:
>>> class MyExn(Exception):
... def __init__(self, val):
... self.val = val
... def __str__(self):
... print "something wrong with:", str(self.val)
...
>>> def foo():
... val = 42
... raise MyExn(val)
...
>>> foo()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "<stdin>", line 3, in foo
__main__.MyExnsomething wrong with: 42
>>> # Or in a try block:
>>> try:
... foo()
... except MyExn as e:
... print e.val
...
42
>>>
答案 4 :(得分:0)
try:
myfunction()
except:
import sys
type, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
while tb.tb_next:
tb = tb.tb_next
frame = tb.tb_frame
print frame.f_locals['v1']
答案 5 :(得分:0)
例如,在不使用raise Exception(some_def_var)
且不使用“检查”之类的库的情况下,可用于“处理”异常。
但是,我认为如果要“实际”处理异常,最好使用raise Exception(some_def_var)
之类的东西。 See @capfredf answer。
class MyClass():
def __init__(self):
self.my_attr_I = ""
self.my_attr_II = ""
def my_def_I(self):
try:
self.my_def_II()
except Exception as e:
print(self.my_attr_I)
print(self.my_attr_II)
def my_def_II(self):
self.my_attr_I = "TO EXCEPT I"
self.my_attr_II = "TO except II"
# NOTE: We will treat it as a general exception! By Questor
zero_division = 1/0